Motivation Theories Essay Example for Free

Motivation Theories Essay Content theories of motivation are based on the fact that the labor activity of workers due solely to the needs and focus on their identification. In turn, procedural theories of motivation are based on the fact that behavior of an individual is determined not only by a person’s needs, but also by the perception of the situation, expectations for the capacity, as well as the effects of the selected type of behavior, according to Motivation. Needs. It should be noted that Abraham Maslow recognized that people have many different needs and they could be divided into five main categories: he theory of justice expectations. According to this theory, the results achieved by the employee depend on three variables: the effort, the ability of a persons character and awareness of its role in the labor process. The level of effort, in turn, depends on the value of interest and assesses the likelihood of relations efforts and rewarded. Achieving the desired results can lead to internal rewards of the satisfaction of the work performed, and external rewards financial incentives, praise, career, etc. It is also believed that there may be a link between performance and employee to give him rewards that reflect the possibilities determined by the head of a particular employee and the organization. Value theory by L. Porter E. Lawler in the practice of motivation is that it shows how important it is to create a motivational system to combine elements such as effort, ability, results, reward, satisfaction and perception. Furthermore L. Porter E. Lawler showed that the high productivity of work is the cause of complete satisfaction, rather than a consequence of it. An important conclusion of this theory is the need to change the employees salary, depending on the success of his work. According to the theory of justice, people have their own assessment of the equity interest issued for certain results. Satisfaction is the result of internal and external rewards based on their equity. Satisfaction is a measure of how valuable reward actually is. This assessment will affect the persons perception of future situations. Motivational concepts that are also enough known are related to a group of content theories are the theory of David McClelland, in which he focuses on the needs of the higher levels: power, success and involvement. On this basis, according to McClelland, there is a fourth requirement to avoid trouble, obstacles or opposition to the implementation of the above three requirements. Motivational and hygienic model of F. Herzberg. It is widely known among scholars and practitioners was another model of motivation, developed F. Hertzberg with employees in the mid 50-ies of XX century and known as the two-factor theory of hygiene. As hygiene factors, he took the following: company policy and administration;Â  working conditions; earnings; interpersonal relationships with superiors, colleagues and subordinates; degree of direct control over the work. Motivation, according to F. Herzberg, is achievement of objectives, promotion, high level of responsibility and autonomy, creative and business growth, recognition, interesting content work. According to F. Herzberg hygiene factors themselves are not a cause for satisfaction, but their degradation leads to dissatisfaction with work, according to Frederick Herzbergs motivation and hygiene factors. Therefore, these factors are not motivating for employees’ value. Group motivators directly cause job satisfaction and affect the level of labor achievements. The theory of five nuclear factors by Hackman and Oldham. In the 70-ies of XX century was published a review of Hackman and Oldham the impact of the content of labor to maintain motivation. Developing the doctrine F. Herzberg, in their model, they identified five so-called nuclear factors, which, to them, a significant effect on work motivation. In accordance with the severity of these factors in the ordinary activities of the employee, they lead to the specific experiences that Hackman and Oldham called critical mental states. Group theory of valence-instrumentality expectations includes concepts of Heinz Heckhausen, Vroom and a number of similar theories relating to procedural learning motivation towards work behavior. Common to these theories is the proposition that there is a requirement not only requirement motivation. People consciously choose a course of conduct which, in their view, would lead to the desired results. These theories try to explain what objectives are formed, and why, how persistent they are pursued to achieve the expected results. The theory of Justice S. Adams. The group process of theories of motivation is aimed at organizational problems of production, the substance of the work, and is to be widely used in the western management theory of justice, developed in the 60 years of XX century. Adams, on the results of studies conducted in the company General-Electric. This theory postulates the search for the individual a certain state of equilibrium with its social environment (in particular, in terms of evaluation and pay, rewards for achievement). Individual compares two relationships: the relationship between his own effort and reward; same ratio, seen in monitoring the activities of others and to compare with their own efforts and reward. The theory of motivation of D. Atkinson. One of the theories is a process known as the theory of motivation of D. Atkinson, the essence of which is as follows. Employee behavior is the result of the interaction of the individual qualities of the individual and the situation of its perception. Each person strives for success, avoids failure and has two related motives: the motive for success and motivations to avoid failures. The theory of reinforcement B. Skinner. A significant contribution to the study of the mechanisms of human motivation to work made development of B. Skinner, who proposed the theory in 1938, increase motivation (reinforcement theory), the essence of which is as follows: peoples behavior is determined by their past experiences. Consequently, workers prefer a mission that in the past entailed positive results, according to Theories of Motivation. All in all, there are many motivational theories and many authors who have shown their opinion considering the issue. Lyman Porter and Edward Lawler, Maslow, Atkinson Heckhausen, and Hackman and Oldham have different point of view but all of them have something in common. The theories of motivation describe the reasons and personal development that a human has and expands its potential, as well as the need for self-actualization that can never be fully satisfied. Works cited Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs motivational model.

Impact Of Globalization And Deregulation On Air Lines Tourism Essay

Impact Of Globalization And Deregulation On Air Lines Tourism Essay Air transport is a major industry by its own right and it is a source of very important inputs into wider political, economic and social processes. The demand for air transport has created global effects which in return have affected its supply both locally and internationally. This paper will provide an insight to the effects of globalization, the results of deregulation and privatization on the airlines and airport sector. It will also provide information concerning the main revenue sources within airports and techniques used to measure performance. In addition it will address issues concerned with safety in airports and measures for dealing with the security issues. Summary Globalization has an adverse effect on the demand and supply of services in the air transport sector which in return leads to adjustment of both the local and international prices, air trade policies and the consumption rate. Consequently the increased geographical coverage leads to increased concentration of traffic in the international hub airport. There is an argument that globalization results to increase in income and consumption on monthly basis as a result of overall increase in economic activities. In addition the profits achieved by air lines are highly affected by globalization since the competing airlines have to vary their prices in order to compete in the international markets, this could lead to some competitors to lower their prices or even increase according to the demand and supply in a given periods of the year. Deregulation resulted to both short and long term effects in the air industry. It made some airlines to cancel their services to some places since after deregulation the companies were running on losses. It also allowed new airline companies to enter into the market without following the already established rules by the bigger and already exiting companies. Privatization has led to increased charges in the airports as a result of lack of enough economic regulations and failure to apply the principles of ICAO in calculating tariffs and fees. The airport has two main revenue streams which are the aeronautical stream and the non-aeronautical stream. Both of these streams act as revenue sources with the latter doing better than the former. There are a number of safety and security problems that need to be addressed in most airport and they include the population of people living near the airports, wind, vortex constraints and the increased number of buildings in the airports. Airport Management From a general perspective, globalization can be referred to as the process through which people from all corners of the world are brought together to be members of a common society and work together. This process entails a combination of technological, socio-cultural, economic and political forces. Barret states that there are many implications manifested as a result of globalization which are very significant for the international air transport industry (229). Globalization therefore affects the demand and supply for air services leading to adjustments to air trade policies which in return have greatly changed the air trade: For instance the open sky police have affected the demand for air lines so much as result of allowing more efficient feed to the long-haul stage of transatlantic operations (Barret 235).Consequently the increased geographical market coverage has led to increased concentration of the traffic in the international hub airports. Large physical market demand coupled with increased integrated services such as common lounge, code sharing and excellent baggage checking have led to increased demand for international air services (Barret 235). Ashford, argues that globalization results to increased income and consumption in every month due to increase in overall economic activity, though the affluence is not evenly spread (67) .Several consumptions are facilitated by air transport, in larger nations a rise in income leads to many people spending more in internal vacations and having increased visits to friends and family. It is therefore evident that the competition for domestic services is affected by change in international demand. Globalization affects the profits gained by airlines, for example the early 1990s international financial crisis led to downturns in the market. Similarly other factors such as the New York and Washington terrorist attacks have demonstrated to have resulted to very bad moments in the industry. In contrast the returns achieved during the good times always fail to compensate for the bad times. Alderighi also argues that the key players in international market operate regular flier programs that honor frequent clients with bonuses and free flights, the bonuses include higher classes of services, up-grades and permission to have access to airport lounge (567). Many airlines have turned to reducing the cost in order to have an advantage over other stake holders. In case the competing carriers fail to match the reduced prices, then both fares maintain the competitive level of expensive-cost airlines, allowing the cheap-cost carrier to receive a margin toward fixed costs, alternatively the expensive-cost airline might quit the market. This strategy has been highly applied by the low-cost international airlines such as Ryanair in Europe, it helps the low-cost airlines to undercut their rivals and then obtain the market power. The market has been highly dominated by the low-cost carriers but as they expand they have shifted to more thinner and less suitable markets that fit their operation styles. Deregulation had both long and short term effects; first a bigger number of airlines stopped using routes with fewer profits that were used by passengers to travel to small cities. For instance, until 1978, the united airlines which previously had flown to Bakersfield, a thriving oil town in California with a population of 225,000 people stopped flight to the town, hence depriving the city dwellers flights to developed cities like Las Vegas .Secondly deregulation led to development of hub- and-spoke routes. The leading airlines centered their operations in the key cities which acted as the stops for many flights, even in cases where the flights were not in direct routes. Deregulations allowed the up-coming airlines to enter the market without agreeing with the demands of the bigger and well established airlines .A good example was the peoples Express, an airlines company which came up with unconventional management methods like fewer managers, low salaries and multiple job performance by employees. The company applied exceedingly tight operations in which passengers were responsible with paying for meals on plane and paid for baggage that they had checked- in. The company used very low fares that could be compared with the electricity bus lines. The revenues for peoples express increased dramatically all through 1980s, increasing up to a billion dollars in a day. Later in 1986 the company was sold after reaching its peak due to increased losses and complains of dissatisfaction by the passengers. Generally after deregulation of the CAB rules the result was that airlines competed within un-restricted ground for passengers hence a rise in revenue for th e bigger international and national airlines. Consequently it led to low fares. In a broad view privatization can be referred to as the process of reducing the involvement of the government in service provision. The result product of privatization of airlines and airports has been increased charges of services offered in airports, with some places recording drastic increases. This increase in charges is due to lack of sufficient economic regulations and failure to apply the ICAO principles in calculating tariffs and fees. The investors are also to be blamed for the increased charges due to their thirst to gain excess profits. In this effect some organizations have moved forward to control the entire process of privatization, for instance the AITAL which is a Latin American Transport Association states that it is not against privatization although it has fears that privatization will result to increase in tariff and fees which in turn will lead to increased airlines operating cost. The AITAL bases its argument on the view that the airports remain to be pure monop olies which inflict unilateral criteria. Another possible reason for increase in the operating cost is due to the fact that in current market fees and tariffs highly depend on competitive situation of the concerned markets, direct relation with operating cost is also lacking. It is therefore obvious that increased airport charges will lead to increases in costs of airlines, which cannot be indemnified by increase in fares. Question 2. The main revenue streams in an airport can be divided into two categories: The aeronautical and the non-aeronautical. Generally the aeronautical source is composed of fees towards the traditional basis of airport-related ventures like the provisions of runways, facilitation, aircraft stands, security and more importantly the staff undertaking such activities (342). On the other hand the non-aeronautical revenues are gained by undertaking activities such as offering parking, retail businesses, operating restaurants, advertising and provision of accommodation facilities. Interestingly the non-aeronautical income is growing so rapidly compared to the aeronautical revenues hence providing greater profit margins. In order to ensure that all the activities within an airport occur following the prescribed time and with low cost one needs to come up with good performance evaluation techniques. Therefore using an airport scorecard helps so much in ensuring that all activities in an airstrip are done correctly. To have excellent performance the crew members should receive good care and total attention so that they can perform to achieve excellent performance. In addition of more importance is security issues within the airport, this should be handled with utmost power and interest. One way of ensuring that an airport has good security network is by installing the relevant technological gadgets in order to keep away all the intruders (Barrett 535) The major performance indicators can be used as key factors to show the performance of a business and help in filling in the gaps between the real performance and standard performance. Another technique used in airports to establish their performance entails use of airport management KPIS which is divided into four perspectives-passenger relation perspective, financial perspective, social consideration and flight related services. The financial perspective gives an explanation concerning the sources of revenues and expenditures within an airport. These include the operating expenses, aircraft parking fees and passenger charges. The passenger related operations point at the operations in the airport that directly affect passengers. These operations include baggage, number of security checks, check-in time, number of available trolleys for the clients and the immigration time. The flight related operations include checking delays in the National airspace system, delays caused by weather and Air carrier delays (Barrett, 458). This is indicators are very important in analyzing different flight delay factors. The social consideration is concerned with ensuring that the social responsibility and accountability within a business are achieved. Question 3. Cooper, states that the safety and security issues in and around the airports need to be addressed in a very serious matter (712). The safety problems arise as a result of interaction of various factors like traffic, environment and technology. Another reason why the safety issues in most airports needs to be addressed lies in the available evidence, basically provided by the 747 crash in 1992 in Amsterdam. The 1992 crash showed that people living around the airports are exposed to high risks which are comparable to the strictly regulated risks found around chemical plants. Therefore with traffic volumes rapidly increasing there is a prediction that continued growth in the coming years will put a strain on airport capacity. For example the airbus industries predict that there will be an average yearly passenger traffic increase of 5.0 per cent before the next 20 years, which will have an impact of increasing the traffic to 168 per cent. Another safety concern is presented through a dimension concerned with third party risk as seen in increasing number of countries in Europe. Way states that the air transport system relies on airports as hubs hence their presence leads to a convergence of air traffic around the airports (72-73). In addition many accidents occur at the times of take-off and when landing and hence this happens near airports. The critical issues that need to be addressed in order to prevent an increase in safety problems related to the airport include having control over turbulence environments and wind at airports; these are area of great concern. Airports are a major attraction for corporate real estates and therefore buildings are increasingly being erected next to the runways (Wells 459). In return this buildings cause wind turbulence that in some cases make the aircrew to temporarily loss control over the aircraft immediately before the touchdown or immediately after lift-off hence resulting to very serious accidents. As a result of the great monetary value gained from the building spaces in the airports, the pressure to authorize the building activities to continue will definitely grow. A current ICAO criterion on obstacle clearance does not provide enough protection. The wake vortex constraints is another issue that needs to be addressed since it governs the distance that should be maintained between aircraft lined in sequence while making an approach to the runway. The distance determines the capacity at the runways during peak moments and therefore the general airport capacity. Another aspect that is increasingly becoming a limiting factor to airport capacity is environmental constraints and in particular noise pollution. To solve this issue the ATC organizations have developed advanced departure and arrival procedures like Continuous Descent. In conclusion, the airport department has been seen to face certain challenges such as deregulation, globalization and privatization. Despite this, this department has been a key contribution to the economic growth throughout the world. The management has set certain measures to fight these challenges and improve the airport sector. Due to the increased air transport system, the sector is also expected to gain more profits and improvements hence fighting to increase the growth of the economy. The management should hence be made tough and competent enough to achieve the set goals. Work Cited Alderighi, Moses. Network competitionthe coexistence of hub-and-spoke and point- to- point systems, Journal of Air Transport Management 11, 5 (2005): 328-334. Print. Ale, Sjareen. The assessment and management of third party risk around a major airport. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2.3 (2000):71-80. Print. Ashford, Stanton. Airport Operations, New York: McGraw-Hill .1997. Print. Barrett, Moon. How do the demands for airport services differ between full-service carriers and low-cost carriers? Journal of Air Transport Management, 10 (2004): 33-39. Print. Cooper, Etal. Tourism Principles and Practice. Harlow: Prentice Hall, 2006. Print. Hollo, Barrett, Airport competition in the deregulated European aviation market. Journal of Air Transport Management, 6 (2000):13-27. Print. Page, Joseph. Transport Tourism: Global Perspectives. Harlow: Prentice Hall, 2005. Print. Way, Taylor. The Business of Tourism. Harlow: Prentice Hall, 2006. Print. Wells, Alexander. Airport Planning and Management. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003. Print.

Windows NT security summary :: essays research papers

Winders NT Security NT was introduced in 1993 and quickly became a popular platform for client-server environments. NT is based on 32-bit architecture so it provides many features like multi-tasking, resource sharing and high availability of resources. NT provides increased security over older operating systems like Windows 9x and UNIX.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NT has both server and client versions. The client version of NT does not have as many features or capability. The Server version can handle 256 connections while client version can only do one. Global security management functions are not supported by client version either.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NT gives an administrator the ability to control user accounts and groups. Domains are used to contain machines in groups. This can be used as an administrative tool to control users privileges and access to system resources and data. It can also be useful for updating and stuff like that. One machine in a domain is set as the controlling system and from that machine a security policy can be created and enforced on the entire domain. Backup domain controllers are recommended. Machines on a domain share a user database which allows a user to have a single ID and easily sign on to any machine as long as its in the domain. NT uses the ideal of trusted domains. If a user authenticates to his primary domain, he is free to access any other sub domains as long as that domain trusts the primary domain. (Pass through validation) Domain trusting allows for a user who does not have an ID on a given domain to still gain access to it as long as the user is validated on the primary domain, however, what permissions the user has is dictated by the Admin of the domain he is a guest in. Domains make it easier to control users, machines, and what goes on. It is useful in enforcing policies on groups and restricting the rights of users. Security issues are minimized in remoter applications because there is no need for someone at each site to be in charge of security and policy enforcement. One Admin can group remote sites into their individual domains and provide increased security from his desk. User accounts come in both local and Domain flavors. This means a user can be restricted to using only the local machine or any machine on the domain. NT has a guest account, recommended password protecting it.

Hound Of The Baskervilles :: Hound Of The Baskervilles Essays

Hound Of The Baskervilles Setting - About 1884-85, most of story takes place at Baskerville   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hall in Devonshire.   The introduction and the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   conclusion of this classic mystery occur at Sherlock   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Holmes' residence on Baker Street in London. Plot -   Ã‚  Ã‚   We begin our story on Baker Street where Holmes and Watson talk to James Mortimer.   He gives him the history of the Baskerville family starting with Hugo, the first victim of the hound, all the way up to the most recent slaying, of Sir Charles Baskerville.   The next of kin is notified and he is to carry on the family legacy and live his remaining years at Baskerville hall in Devonshire.   Now of course this was the place whereupon Sir Charles Baskerville was slayed by this vicious hound.   Ã‚  Ã‚   As the story begins to develop, Holmes sends Watson to Devonshire with Sir Henry to gather information on the recent murder.   During his inquires he came across many figures, there was a Mr. & Miss Stapleton who were naturalists and also lived on the moor.   They portrayed themselves as brother and sister, but as you will find out later, they were more intimate than that.   Ã‚  Ã‚   At about this time, a convict escaped who was referred to as "The Notting Hill Criminal", his real name though was Selden Barrymore.   Ã‚  Ã‚   One night while Watson and Sir Henry were in the Hall, they observed Mr. Barrymore (the Butler) sending signals through the window using a candle. Through questioning he divulged that he was really doing a favour for his wife for the escaped criminal was his brother in-law.   Baffled by this Sir Henry and Watson went to go and arrest this villain, they reached him in time, but Selden managed to evade the authorities once more.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Through remenents of a letter written to Sir Charles Baskerville prior to his death, it was written by a Miss Laura Lyons from Coombe Tracey.   She wrote this letter to finance her divorce and seeing how Sir Charles was a nice man she thought he would agree.   The meeting was in Yew Alley in front of the gate at around 2am.

Analysis of The Rocking Horse Winner Essay -- Literary Analysis, D. H.

Certain individuals have a drive that can lead them to achieve what they desire most. In the Short story â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner†, D.H Lawrence showcases this through character motivation and symbolism. He further this using pursuit of desire, and how if you take it to a certain extent it can result in tragedy if the individual chooses not to conform. Paul wants to please his mother because his mother feels that there family has no luck, but Paul proclaims that he is lucky. Paul suddenly becomes consumed with this sudden spree of good luck and feels this is the only way he will be able to gain to the affection of his mother. D.H Lawrence reveals that Paul has a certain flaw that turns him to believe that the only way he will be able to gain his mothers love and affection is by winning money in the horse races. He leads this pursuit of desire to the standards he thought he wanted to, but not to the standards that would have achieved what he wanted, which leads to his dow n fall. When individuals desire love from another, they may choose to conform their beliefs and actions to that person. At first they may feel successful, however if they sacrifice everything, in pursuing this kind of goal, they may pay a heavy price instead of gaining there hearts desire. Paul desire his mother’s love more than anything. However he believes he needs to prove he is lucky. He struggles to prove that he is to make his mother happy. Paul wants his mother to love him more than anything. For Paul’s mother money equals luck, and this will gain her love. â€Å"There must be more money†(19). He hears these voices throughout the house. They hear these voices when hey are receiving items of joy, especially around Christmas time. The other children can h... ...eparate paths, one for the money, and another for his mother. This ultimately leads to Paul’s demise. â€Å"Mother, did I ever tell you/No you did not†(34) He never told his mother what he was doing for her. He wanted to gain her love more than anything. He conformed to a certain path that he thought would be able to achieve his ultimate desire. Paul wanted to gain the love his mother more than anything. He chose to conform to the path of luck. While pursing this personal desire, he became overwhelmed with in it and this ultimately led to his demise. If he would have been able to control his desire it may have been able to save him from tragedy. When an individual chooses to conform to meet the ideals of another individual in order to achieve there own personal desire, they can not sacrifice everything for that persons ideals because it can often result in tragedy.

Freedom Writers Diary Movie Questions Essay

1. Eva’s view of herself and her people is that their nationality is competing with other races because of the discrimination. When Eva is a child, she is taught by her father that she has to fight for her people. â€Å"An Aztec princess is chosen for her blood, to fight for her people, as Papi and his father fought, against those who say we are less than they are, who say we are not equal in beauty and in blessings†. 2. According to Eva her father is arrested for retaliation, he was innocent but was jailed anyway, because of the respect he had from his people. Eva was waiting for the bus on her first day of school when she witnessed the war between races for the first time. â€Å"They took my father for retaliation. He was innocent, but they took him, because he was respected by my people. They called my people a gang because we fight for our America†. 3. The reason that Erin Gruwell decided to teach instead of be a lawyer is because of the influence from her father, being part of the civil rights movement and watching the L.A. riots on TV. Thinking of going to law school but thought that the case is already lost if it reaches the courtroom which indicates that Ms. G believes that going to the beginning where she can educate her students on the fundamentals and essentially prevent them from ending up with a lost court case because a good prevention method has no need for a cure. â€Å"And I remember when I was watching the LA riots on TV, I was thinking of going to law school at the time. And I thought, God, by the time you’re defending a kid in a courtroom the battle’s already lost. I think the real fighting should happen here in the classroom.† 4. In the beginning, obstacles that Ms. G faced are that the students didn’t believe in her, thinking that she wouldn’t be able to last in the classroom or teach because of the difficult interracial battles between students. â€Å"I give this bitch a week.† Erin had to deal with two students fighting on the first day of teaching, and witnessing another between different tribes within the school. Along with the discouragement from her father. â€Å"You’re gonna waste your talents on people who don’t give a damn about education. It breaks my heart†. 5. With gang violence and racial tension reaching an all-time high, the racial situation in Long Beach was separated into tribes based on the races of each person because of the L.A. riots. â€Å"Total civil unrest is happening throughout the Los Angeles area.† â€Å"The city resembles a war zone.† 6. At first, the students of room 203 relate to one another because of the similar situations and issues that each have experienced. Another way the students can relate to one another are the difficult moments of their individual lives they have to face because they’re all trying to cope with the cards they have been dealt in life. Also with discriminating against other races. Most of the students in room 203 are of different race to the teachers of Woodrow Wilson high school and feel separate from the community. â€Å"You can’t go against your own people, your own blood.† 7. A character that I like is Jamal because he seems like he is a funny person and entertaining to be around, making jokes out of negative situations. I can relate to him because I am a student myself. Having to complete unnecessary tasks when there are more important activities that I can be doing. 8. Ms. G tried to engage the students by finding something she thought they would be interested in and using it to relate to them with 2pac rapper lyrics with poetry as an example of an internal rhyme. The students are bothered by this, â€Å"Think we don’t know 2Pac? -White girl gonna teach us about rap†. She mixed up the separate boarders in the classroom to engage the students with differentiation without separate races but fails because of the lack of interest and students stop attending. 9. Reasons that the students do not respect Ms G are because of the racial situation at Long Beach, they think that she is just another white person analogous the rest of the teachers that have never really put any effort into actually teaching or caring about their education and don’t try understand their situations. The students are used to never being a priority in the education system, constantly being looked down on as not being smart enough or trusted with the schools proper resources and recognized as people who don’t want to learn and basically never having the opportunity to become  anything other than the stereotypes they have been categorised into. So Ms G. wasn’t seen as an individual, she was seen as another teacher that didn’t care. â€Å"Lady, stop acting like you’re trying to understand our situation†. They think she doesn’t deserve the respect given from them because she hasn’t earned it. â€Å"I’m not just gonna give you my respect because you’re called a teacher.† 10. Eva hates white people because of negative experiences she has had with white police. â€Å"I know what you can do. I saw white cops shoot my friend in the back for reaching into his pocket, his pocket! I saw white cops come into my house and take my father away for no REASON except they feel like it! Except because they can! And they can, because they’re white†. She feels that white people demand respect without earning it. â€Å"You don’t know what we got to do. You got no respect for how we living†. White people always wanting their respect like they deserve it for free†. Eva thinks that all white people feel that they have authority over her ethnicity, that whites run the world no matter what resulting in Eva hating all white people on sight. 11. Erin’s husband is a very considerate and devoted husband but shows resentment towards her career after assimilating extra jobs to support her teaching career without consulting him. He doesn’t appear to want to talk about her job and when he does, he doesn’t show any support toward it. While not paying attention to Scott, his attitude toward Erin’s career is that he feels that she is getting too involved as a result, letting their marriage suffer. â€Å"Scott, I finally found what I’m supposed to be doing and I love it. When I’m helping these kids make sense of their lives, everything about my life makes sense to me. How often does a person get that?† â€Å"Then what do you need me for?† â€Å"You’re my husband, why can’t you stand by me and be a part of that the way wives support husbands?† â€Å"Because I can’t be your wife.† And their marriage results in divorce because his life with Eri n wasn’t how he wanted it to be. 12. Ms G. again attempts to peak an interest with the students by using topics that relate to them with non-curriculum books about lives similar to  their own that she has bought herself for the students. 13. When Ms G. finds he picture of Jamal she confronts them, belittling their gang actions. â€Å"You think you know all about gangs? You’re amateurs†. Ms G informs the students about discrimination, bringing up the holocaust and how using racist pictures and antics is a way of wrongfully blaming others for their lives being hard to give themselves pride and identity. 14. The holocaust is relative to the students because they’re all associated or associate with gang violence and annihilation of people for the satisfaction of being the prime race. 15. The philosophy of the students is that they believe that the world is all about what colour someone is, not who they are. The students make illegitimate judgements about people of different ethnicity to themselves. To the students, graduation isn’t perceived as a concern when more important factors have to be dealt with. To them, making it through another day is an achievement alone, â€Å"Lady, I’m lucky if I make it to 18. We in a war. We’re graduating every day we live, because we ain’t afraid to die protecting our own. At least when you die for your own, you die with respect, you die a warrior†. 16. Within society, the students see themselves just as others perceive them. That being not as real graduates, as people who are going to be like their parents, as people who won’t really ever amount to much. No one has ever really taken them seriously which has resulted in the students not taking themselves seriously. â€Å"Nobody cares what I do. Why should I bother coming to school?† 17. The activity that united the students was learning about the holocaust, reading the books, hearing the stories of the victims and the excursion to the holocaust exhibition really spoke to students on a personal level that they could all connect and relate too. The main reason all the students are uniting for once is because of Ms Gruwell. Students know she goes above and beyond for them and that she actually cares. â€Å"My crazy English teacher from  last year is the only person that made me think of hope. Talking with friends about last year’s English and our trips, I began to feel better. I receive my schedule and the first teacher is Mrs. Gruwell in Room 203. I walk into the room and feel as though all the problems in life are not so important anymore. I am home.† Ms. G’s teaching is the activity that first started to unite the students. 18. The scene with Sindy and Eva shows that Ms. G’s class has united the students and created a bond between the two making them look beyond their own races. Ms. G’s students are starting to do right within society and not just right for their own race. For example, â€Å"I am my father’s daughter, and when they call me to testify, I will protect my own no matter what.† instead of Eva doing that which is what her family wanted her to do, she told the truth so an innocent man didn’t end up in jail. Eva thought about her actions and the consequences they would have on everyone and she did the right thing. This scene goes to prove that Ms Gruwell’s teaching initiative is working. 19. Marcus’ diary entry struck me most because it’s so unfair that human beings are judged by other human beings by their skin colour when it shouldn’t be considered as a negative factor because underneath it all we’re all the same. When Clive, accidentally shot himself and he stayed by his side until the police came the assumption shouldn’t have automatically been that Marcus did it because he was black, it was so unfair especially when Marcus lost his best friend that day. Marcus’ story moved me the most because he is still searching for his freedom after being wrongfully locked up. If Marcus had never been blamed for Clive’s death and had never gone behind bars, his life could’ve been different. â€Å"Every day I worry, when will I be free?† 20. At the beginning of Freedom Writers Ms. G was full of doubts and was questioning whether she was going to be able to connect with her students, get them to listen to her, to attend every class and whether she would be a good teacher or not, but throughout the movie she earned respect, grew and was taught so much from her students and by the end of the movie she had  transformed a classroom full of racial boarders and hate into a non-judgemental, safe place where the students found hope, connected with one another and felt at home. She had found what she was supposed to do with her life. 21. In the beginning, the students of room 203 were resistant to Erin, especially Eva who hated all white people and blamed them for taking her dad away when she was 5. They were disrespectful, extremely racist and mean toward one another to the point where Ben was scared to be in the classroom. None of the teachers cared about the students or their education. They were seen as lost causes which only made them feel like lost causes, especially Jamal who thought school was a waste of time. With the guidance of Ms. G every student in the class made a transformation for the better. Eva overcame her prejudice against white people and discovered they aren’t all the same; a lot of the racial barriers were broken down within the class. All the students attitude toward their education and each other changed, they developed respect and started caring and wanting to learn. Room 203 was transformed into an accepting, tolerant, secure, place like a home where all students, especially Ben, stopped being terrified. 22. All it takes is feeling as though you have one person in your life that genuinely cares about you, supports and encourages you and takes the time to help you and is behind you every step of the way to have the power to achieve anything and everything in life regardless how many people are against you. Every raindrop raises the sea so hope must never be lost. The most significant lesson to learn from this movie is that no matter what your background may be or how different you might think you are from someone, you’re not because at the end of the day we’re all human beings and we should never forget that. 23. The students of room 203 aren’t similar to the students of our classroom because I don’t think that anyone in my class has to face the sought of problems that the students of room 203 had to. Those kinds of difficulties come from gang violence, drug or alcohol abuse or physical injustice, I don’t know everyone’s story but I don’t think that our classroom has to deal  with those struggles.

In the Time of the Butterflies Essay

Courage is valued among the characters, and they display it in varying amounts. Among all the sisters Minerva shows the most courage. First she starts off by wanting to be a lawyer and she is not afraid of speaking her mind. She goes to a boarding school where she meets a girl who is against Trujillo and learns how bad Trujillo really is. This is when she begins to start acting rebellious. Once she is older, Minerva’s family is invited to a party at Trujillo’s palace where she does things that most people would never even dare to think of doing. Minerva plays a game with Trujillo which she wins and gets her father released from arrest and gets her into law school. In law school, she joins a group that is speaking out against Trujillo. A lot of courage is needed to complete the tasks that Minerva completed and with these tasks she developed a love-hate relationship with Trujillo making some of the tasks easier to complete. In the end three out of the four sister have a lot courage and become a symbol for many people. The three sisters are killed, but by who they were killed is very controversial. The sisters are all aware of their cowardice as they perceive it, and while they sometimes fight for courage, in some cases they simply accept their cowardice, except for Minerva who shows courage at all times. Growing up Minerva was almost the bravest out of all the sisters. She was not afraid to speak her mind, even if they might be spies around. She would say things about Trujillo that would make everyone jump and ask if she was trying to get everyone killed. She always wanted to be free and make a difference in the world. Government and politics were not a place for women. A woman’s place was to follow her husband and be loyal to her husband. Minerva, on the other hand, wanted to be a lawyer. In reply, her mother comments, â€Å" Just what we need, skirts in the law! † Minerva argues, however, â€Å"It is just what this country needs †¦ It’s about time we women had a voice in running our country. † Her sisters had always worried about Minerva and her bravery because politics were dirty business and someone was always getting killed because they said the wrong thing and made Trujillo unhappy. Minerva did not care about the risks about being a woman in politics, she cared about equality and making a difference in the Dominican Republic. She thought she would get some freedom if she left home and went to a boarding school and that’s exactly what she did. In the boarding school, Minerva met a girl whose family was killed by Trujillo and she absolutely hated him for that. This girl told Minerva about all the terrible things that Trujillo has done and this is when Minerva starts learning more about Trujillo. This is also when you start seeing Minerva start becoming rebellious. This is shown when there is a class going on, but Minerva is not there instead she is on a balcony above the class talking to the girl who told her about Trujillo. This boarding school is also where she meets Trujillo for the first time and also shows bravery here. The school is performing a play for Trujillo when Minerva’s friend lifts her arrow and points it at Trujillo. Minerva risks herself to stop her friend from shooting the arrow. It was a small act of courage, but its the small acts that lead to the greater ones. Once Minerva graduates from boarding school and returns home, shortly after the family receives a party invitation from Trujillo. Once inside the castle, Minerva gets seated at a special table which was a request from Trujillo and once Trujillo arrives in the ballroom where the party is being held, he asks Minerva to dance. While dancing, Trujillo tells her how he never forgot her from the boarding school and how he thinks that she is very beautiful. Trujillo slowly moves his hands down her back and onto her buttocks and that is when she backs up and slaps him. No one would ever dare slap Trujillo, even after an act like this. This is a great act of disgrace and Minerva was very brave for standing her ground and slapping him. Everyone looked down on her with shock for what she did and her family was very mad and panicked and left immediately. Her family was very mad because slapping Trujillo could get the whole family killed because that was an act of rebellion. Minerva explains to her family that she did not slap him as a sign of rebellion, but because he touched her buttocks making her very uncomfortable. The family then was not as mad, but they were still very worried to what was going to happen to them. At this point of the movie, Minerva is still the one with the most courage while the rest of the family is accepting their cowardice. It took a lot of courage for Minerva to slap Trujillo in such a public place and at his own party. She knew there would be consequences to this, but she was still not afraid. Soon after the party soldiers came to the Mirabel household looking for the father. They said they were taking him in for quest oning, but everyone knew that he was being arrested and they did not know when they would see him again. Once the soldiers left, Minerva smashed the picture of Trujillo that was hung in their house because of her anger. This is another act of courage because if there are spies around they can come in and take Minerva away and kill her for doing that. ANother act of courage is when Minerva goes to the castle of Trujillo to talk to him about releasing her f ather. Trujillo came up with a game that they would play. They had to roll dice and who ever got the higher number won. The deal they made was if he won her father would not be released, but if she won the father would be released and she would be allowed to go to law school. Women were not allowed to go to law school in the Dominican Republic, so asking Trujillo to let her attend was another act of courage. Minerva ended up winning and Trujillo break the deal that he made with Minerva. The father was released and Minerva soon left to law school. At this point of the movie, Minerva’s sister began to show courage too. In law school, Minerva joins a group that goes against Trujillo and comes up with different plans and ideas to rebel against him, for example hanging up posters around town. One day one of Minerva’s sisters runs away from home and comes to Minerva. This is brave because women were needed at home and it was dangerous for them to travel by themselves. Also leaving home with not telling anyone would leave the parents worrying about their daughter. Minerva tells her sister to go home because it’s a bad time and not a place for her sister to be, trying to protect her. Leaving her sister met a guy who was part of the rebellious group and he got her to be in it as well. Now this is sister is being brave because now she is going against Trujillo as well putting the family in even more danger. Soon the third sister is also in the group and the three sisters become the leaders of this group. They become known as, â€Å"Las Mariposas. † The group is soon caught and everyone in it is arrested. When the sisters look out a small hole in the wall, they see a flag with butterflies on it, representing them and this gives them more hope. Soon the sisters are released from jail by Trujillo. When Minerva arrives at home, Trujillo is there waiting for her. He tells her that she has a lot of courage because everytime he does something nice for her because he likes her, she instead turns her back and does something back and is not afraid to pay the consequences. She then asks Trujillo to release hers and her sisters husbands from jail and Trujillo says he will. The sisters go visit their husbands and give them the good news, but on the way there they get stopped by soldiers. They get taken out of the car and into the cornfields where hey get slaughtered. This ending is very controversial because it was a group of men that killed them, but after all their courage and everything they did for the country, who would want to harm them? Also could have Trujillo ordered their death even if he loved Minerva and did everything she asked for? This part of the story may never be known. The movie begins with only Minerva being the brave one, but ends with three out of four sisters being the brave ones and fighting for what they believed was right. The sisters stopped accepting their cowardice and displayed their courage. As she was being marched down the hall, a voice from one of the cells called out,Mariposa does not belong to herself alone. She belongs to Quisqueya! Then everyone was beating on the bars calling out, Viva La Mariposa! Tears came to my eyes. Something big and powerful spread its wings inside me. Courage, I told myself. And this time, I felt it. † This is a quote from the movie and book that shows that although Minerva has been courageous the whole time, she did not feel it until she was leaving the jail. Everything that Minerva did in her lifetime, built her courage up and made her stronger each time.