Franklin Roosevelt Essay -- essays research papers

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, (1882-1945), 32nd president of the United States. Roosevelt became president in March 1933 at the depth of the peachy Depression. He was reelected for three more terms, and died in office in April 1945. He was a fascinating idealist whose confidence helped carry on the American wad during the strains of economic crisis and world war even though he had an attack of poliomyelitis, which paralyzed his legs in 1921.He was one of Americas most touchy leaders. Though Roosevelt grueling hard to end the Depression, he had not very much success. It was not until 1939 and 1940 that success returned. Roosevelt also showed limits in his handling of foreign policy. In the 1930s he did not warn right away the danger of tyranny, and during the war he relied greatly on his charm and personality in the conduct of peacekeeping.Roosevelts reputation is very high. In acting upon the Great Depression he did a lot to develop a good state in the United States and to make the federal judicature and means of social and economic reform. As president, Roosevelt passed as many bills, lobbing for as much congressional support as he could get to aid him in his attempts to help the unemployed, starving and poor people that society had forgotten. Never in the history of the United States had there ever been such a terrible, long-lasting, economic notion then the one that began just before President Roosevelt ran for his first presidential election. Thirteen million peo...

Motivation in Business Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework Ess

Motivation in BusinessThesis Organization member can be effectively motivated by organizational leadersMotivational Styles Motivation is the ultimate goal of management in business, and the topic of multiple seminars, books, and videos. Engendering the emotional energy of frontline workers is the most difficult challenge facing organizational leaders worldwide. The is a difficult task because most frontline employees work for a regular paycheck and secret code more they never emotionally connect with their employers, let alone care about the companys long-term performance. (Katzenbach) By following the principles employed by successful organizations, organization member can be effectively motivated by their leaders. One method of inserting motivation into the lives of organization members is through what Katzenbach and Santamaria explore in their article in Harvard Business Review, the mission, values, and pride path to an emotionally engaged, high-performing workf orce. This is a system where emotional energy is generated by mutual trust, collective pride, and self-discipline. The employees are typically proud of the aspirations, accomplishments, and legacy of their organization they share its values. This method is typical of the U.S. Marine Corps, 3M, and the New York City Ballet.A second method is to set transparent performance measures and standards and to have a clear tracking of results. This fosters deeper organizational ...

sigmund freud :: essays research papers

SIGMUND FREUD 1856 - 1939 Freuds story, like most peoples stories, begins with early(a)s. In his case those others were his mentor and friend, Dr. Joseph Breuer, and Breuers patient, called Anna O. Anna O. was Joseph Breuers patient from 1880 through with(predicate) 1882. Twenty one years old, Anna spent most of her time nursing her ailing father. She developed a bad cough that proved to have no strong-arm basis. She developed some speech difficulties, then became mute, and then began speaking only in English, rather than her usual German. When her father died she began to refuse food, and developed an droll set of problems. She lost the feeling in her hands and feet, developed some paralysis, and began to have involuntary spasms. She also had visual hallucinations and tunnel vision. But when specialists were consulted, no physical causes for these problems could be found. If all this werent enough, she had fairy-tale fantasies, dramatic mood swings, and made several suicide atte mpts. Breuers diagnosis was that she was suffering from what was then called hysteria (now called conversion disorder), which meant she had symptoms that appeared to be physical, but were not. In the evenings, Anna would sink into states of what Breuer called "spontaneous hypnosis," or what Anna herself called "clouds." Breuer found that, during these trance-like states, she could explain her day-time fantasies and other experiences, and she felt better afterwards. Anna called these episodes "chimney sweeping" and "the talking cure." Sometimes during "chimney sweeping," some ruttish event was recalled that gave meaning to some particular symptom. The first example came soon after she had refused to toast for a while She recalled seeing a woman drink from a glass that a dog had just drunk from. While recalling this, she experienced strong feelings of disgust...and then had a drink of water In other words, her symptom -- an avoidance of water -- disappeared as soon as she remembered its root event, and experienced the strong emotion that would be appropriate to that event. Breuer called this catharsis, from the Greek word for cleansing. It was football team years later that Breuer and his assistant, Sigmund Freud, wrote a book on hysteria. In it they explained their theory Every hysteria is the result of a traumatic experience, one that cannot be corporate into the persons understanding of the world. The emotions appropriate to the trauma are not posited in any direct fashion, but do not simply evaporate They express themselves in behaviors that in a weak, vague way offer a response to the trauma.

marxism Essay -- essays research papers

How convincing was the bolshie critique of the capitalist state? This next building block of theory is entitled "Ideology and Discourse." The theorists were examining--Althusser, Bakhtin, and Foucault--are discussing how ideology works, and how ideologies construct subjects. All of these theorists are coming from a Marxist perspective, using ideas and terms developed in Marxist theory, though only Althusser actually claims to be a Marxist. So to start off, I want to talk a bit about some basic ideas of Marxist theory. Marxism is a set of theories, or a system of thought and analysis, developed by Karl Marx in the nineteenth century in response to the Hesperian industrial revolution and the rise of industrial capitalism as the predominant economic mode. Like feminist theory, Marxist theory is directed at favorable change Marxists want to analyze social paritys in order to change them, in order to alter what they see are the gross injustices and inequalities created by ca pitalist economic relations. My capsule summary of the main ideas of Marxism, however, will focus on the theoretical aspects more than on how that theory has been and is applicable to projects for social change. As a theory, Marxism is pretty complicated. You can think of Marxism as being three types of theory in one philosophy, history, and economics. First, Marxism is a philosophical movement Marxs ideas about piece nature, and about how we know and function in the world come from traditions articulated by Hegel, Feuerbach, Kant, and other German philosophers. All of these guys, including Marx, are interested in the relation between materialist and idealist philosophy. As a philosopher, Marx helps create and define a branch of philosophy called DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM. Materialism in general is the branch of occidental philosophy from which science (Aristotelian or Newtonian) comes. Materialist philosophy is based on empiricism, on the direct observation of measurable or observ able phenomena materialist philosophy is interested in studying how the human mind, via the senses, perceives external reality, and grumpyly with the idea of how we know things "objectively," without the interference of emotions or preconceived ideas about things. Materialist philosophy often wants to ask how we know something is real, or, more specifically, how we know that what is real IS real, and... ...other forms of ideology (like religious ideology), and thus can provide insights into how ideologies are structured, and what their limits are. This view is also followed by Georg Lukacs, who argues that Marxist literary criticism should get a line at a work of literature in terms of the ideological structure(s) of which it is a part, but which it transforms in its art. For other Marxists, including Bertolt Brecht, Walter Benjamin, and Louis Althusser, literature works the way whatever ideology does, by signifying the imaginary ways in which people perceive the real wo rld literature uses language to signify what it feels like to live in particular conditions, rather than using language to give a rational analysis of those conditions. Thus literature helps to create experience, not just reflect it. As a kind of ideology, literature for these critics is relatively autonomous, both of other ideological forms and of the economic base. You cant trace one-to-one direct ties between literature and any particular ideology, or between literature and the economic base. (When you can, we call it bad literature literature directly linked to an ideology we call "propaganda," for instance).

We Must Take Action to Improve the Air Quality in Phoenix Essay

We Must Take Action to Improve the Air Quality in PhoenixHow You Can fair the Filthy Air You Breathe in Phoenix Take a deep breath, Phoenicians. How did it feel? Most kindredly, it felt good. But did you know that you are quick air that is unnecessarily polluted? Did you know that by taking a few steps in the right direction, you could breathe worry-free? While Phoenix and Maricopa County see done much in the past few years in controlling the air contaminant, there needs to be more action in order to secure clean air in the long-term. There are two things we can do implement programs from another city with a befoulment problem like ours, and take matters directly into our own hands by changing our lifestyle to positively affect the air quality.Los Angeles is one such city that has had some success in controlling its air pollution, with plans that are different from the ones Phoenix is using. Located in the Sunbelt, LA sees a lot of sunshine like Phoenix. It, too, has had a l arge population growth like Phoenix and has had to respond to that accordingly. Los Angeles has developed a few excellent plans to fight its air pollution, which I swear can also make a difference in Phoenix as well. I propose that we integrate those plans from Los Angeles to enhance the action of air pollution in Phoenix. For the second part of my plan, I propose that we all take individual action to make the air quality better for ourselves and everyone else, like impulsive less and not topping off the gas tank. By encouraging local lawmakers to use the effective plans of Los Angeles and by actively taking strides in combating the battle of air pollution in our daily lives, the breaths we take can soon be of clean, ... ...anAir2000. CleanAir2000. Phoenix, AZ US. 1998. www.cleanair2000.org Gulbinas, Vilija. On the Road to Recovery an Angelinos Guide to smogginess. Los Angeles, CA US. 1998. www.ben2.ucla.edu/vgulbina Arizona Clean & Beautiful. Arizona Clean & Beautiful. Phoenix, AZ US. 1998. aspin.asu.edu/acb/ Natural Resources Defense Council. Danger in the Air. Washington, DC US. 1998. www.nrdc.org/nrdc/find/aibresum.html environment News. Whats Missing from the Clean Air Debate?. Washington, DC US. 1998. www.heartland.org/environment/august/missing.htm City of Los Angeles Environmental Affairs Department. L.A. Made a Difference Los Angeles, CA US. 1998. www.cityofla.org/EAD/article3.htm Arizona Governor Jane Hull. Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. Phoenix, AZ US. 1998. www.governor.state.az.us/dept/deq.html

We Must Take Action to Improve the Air Quality in Phoenix Essay

We Must Take Action to Improve the Air Quality in phoenixHow You Can Clean the Filthy Air You Breathe in Phoenix Take a deep breath, Phoenicians. How did it feel? Most likely, it felt good. But did you last that you are breathing personal line of credit that is unnecessarily polluted? Did you know that by taking a few steps in the right direction, you could breathe worry-free? slice Phoenix and Maricopa County have d oneness much in the past few years in controlling the air pollution, there needs to be more(prenominal) action in order to secure clean air in the long-term. There are two things we can do implement programs from another urban center with a pollution problem like ours, and take matters directly into our own hands by changing our lifestyle to positively affect the air quality.Los Angeles is one such city that has had some success in controlling its air pollution, with plans that are different from the ones Phoenix is using. Located in the Sunbelt, LA sees a pili ng of sunshine like Phoenix. It, too, has had a large population growth like Phoenix and has had to respond to that accordingly. Los Angeles has developed a few excellent plans to fight its air pollution, which I believe can also make a difference in Phoenix as well. I propose that we integrate those plans from Los Angeles to enhance the interlocking of air pollution in Phoenix. For the second part of my plan, I propose that we all take individual action to make the air quality dampen for ourselves and everyone else, like driving less and not topping off the gas tank. By encouraging local lawmakers to use the effective plans of Los Angeles and by actively taking strides in combating the battle of air pollution in our daily lives, the breaths we take can soon be of clean, ... ...anAir2000. CleanAir2000. Phoenix, AZ US. 1998. www.cleanair2000.org Gulbinas, Vilija. On the Road to Recovery an Angelinos Guide to Smog. Los Angeles, CA US. 1998. www.ben2.ucla.edu/vgulbina Arizona Clean & Beautiful. Arizona Clean & Beautiful. Phoenix, AZ US. 1998. aspin.asu.edu/acb/ Natural Resources Defense Council. Danger in the Air. Washington, DC US. 1998. www.nrdc.org/nrdc/find/aibresum.html Environment News. Whats Missing from the Clean Air Debate?. Washington, DC US. 1998. www.heartland.org/environment/august/missing.htm City of Los Angeles Environmental Affairs Department. L.A. Made a Difference Los Angeles, CA US. 1998. www.cityofla.org/EAD/article3.htm Arizona Governor Jane Hull. Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. Phoenix, AZ US. 1998. www.governor.state.az.us/dept/deq.html

Employment Relations Essay

At the most fundamental level, employment relationship involves monetary exchange where thither is contract amongst an employer and employee to obtain the output of employees ability to work. (Balnave et al. 2007) This relationship can often result in either dispute or collaboration within an organization. More often than not, the different aspects of the nature of employment relationship tend to likely generate contests between the employers and employees.The focus would be on industrial action, which from time to time occurs between managers and workers, the classification of conflicts and what be some of the theories which describes the situation of industrial conflicts in capital of capital of Singapore. As defined by Komhauser et al., industrial conflict is the total range of behaviours and attitudes that express opposition and divergent orientations between industrial owners and managers, on the one hand, and working people and their organisations on the other hand (1954,1 3).Singapore is generally noted as a peaceful country with minimal industrial conflicts. This mainly attributed to the presence of strict regulations against everyplacet conflicts as stated in the requirements of restrictions on strikes and lock-outs (Attorney General Chambers 2009). The presence of mediation or conciliation channel overly assisted in the resolution of concerning issues. Conflicts are seen to be involved and in Singapore, some causes or outline that are governed by theories of industrial enterprise, Institutionalisation, Political, Economic and Social factors. More of these would be looked into further in this essay.Overt and Covert Conflicts contend behaviours and attitudes can be classified into 2 categories, that is to say overt conflict and covert conflict. According to Petzall et al. (2007), overt conflicts are conflicts which are planned and joint by two or more persons, thus observable by the public. Examples of such conflicts include strikes, lockouts, work to rule where employees perform exactly duties which are indicated in their contracts, politicsal demonstrations and many more. Petzall et al. (2007) withal mentioned that covert conflicts are conflicts which are unplanned, concerns individual and hence less observable by the public. Examples would include absenteeism, work sabotage, job-hopping where people change jobs to unsex demote pay or pursue their personal interest as well as low work efficiency. Covert conflict is seen to prevail over overt conflict in terms of the financial losses of a business.In Singapores context, it would be considered illegal to excite overt conflicts out-of-pocket to the existing strict criminal law stated in Attorney General Chambers (2009) Despite the fact that there were strict laws to adhere to, there are several channels such as Industrial Arbitration lawcourt (IAC), Case arrogance, Ministry of Manpower (MOM), National Trade wedding Congress (NTUC) and more, where individuals cou ld go on to resolve certain conflicts they experienced.For example, Sharon (2011) reported on a case of disagreement between SIA and SilkAir pilots and their company over their flight payment. The issue was referred to Industrial Arbitration Court (IAC) where the judge proposed that the company could have constant observation of the flight schedule to make sure there is fair payouts distribution. In this scenario, IAC had acted as a conciliator.The decline of conflict in Singapore is also due to tripartism, plight reform and labour legislation. In tripartism, there is involvement of managers, employees and other systems such as political, social, economic, technological, pagan and legal systems (Tan 2007, p.27). These parties would resolve matters in a diplomatic manner.The establishment of National Wage Council (NWC) brings about tripartism where workers wages are evaluated and wage reform, where there is flexibility in the wage payouts, was introduced. Tan (2004) mentioned th at the benefits were studied and it was found that having flexibility enables organizations to make swift modifications to their cost computation during economic variations so as to be cost competitive. Organisations also could reduce wages during difficult time and give incentive in better times which assisted in allowing workers to stay in their job. The introduction of drill Act also played a major role in providing regulations on the conditions of work.The use of frames of reference is a necessary and essential tool to better identify a persons view and actions on employment relations. Fox recognized three frames of reference, namely the unitarist, pluralist and radical frames. (McCourt W.Eldridge D.,2003)UnitaristThe underlying theory of this berth is that employment relationship is based on mutual cooperation and a harmony of interest between employers and employees (Balnave et al. 2007, p.10) In this circumstances, the targets and objectives of the organisation are universa l. Management is viewed as the only authority and managers see their power to make independent decisions of their business without be hindered by government, workers or unions. Trade unions are not embraced and are considered as rub to the harmony of the organisation. The presence of industrial conflict is regarded as having poor management or failure to lead effectively. As a result of this perception, the various interests between the management and labour were not recognised.PluralistIn this approach, conflicts are regarded as unavoidable. It recognises that organisations are made up of cluster of individuals with their own goals, interests and direction. (Balnave et al. 2007, p.11) To prevent damage of diverse interest, measures and regulations have to be in place and use, leading to the institutionalisation of conflict. This ensures that there is equal distribution of power amongst stakeholders. Trade unions are welcome as it permits employees to have a say in what concerns t hem in their organisation.Singapore can be seen to have more of a pluralist approach from the formation of NTUC which consists of representative of employees. These representatives are given the hazard to voice and negotiate over the terms and condition of their employment and their judgings are also taken into consideration in the managements decisions. NTUC branch representatives also involve themselves in collective bargaining where feedback could effectively be gathered on concerning issues. On the other hand, another trade union known as Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) was also set up to represent the employers interest.Radical/bolshieIt consists of a wider scope as compared to unitarist and pluralist viewpoint. This perception involves society being segmented into different status where there is unfair allocation of power between those who has financial capabilities and those who can only offer their labour. The status difference ca utilize the revulsion betw een employers and employees. (Balnave et al. 2007, p.11)Singapore Industrial Relations SystemAnantaraman (1990) suggested that Singapores economy is made up of industrial relations system and production system. both(prenominal) systems are in reliant of one another as the consequences of the industrial relations system would result in the contribution of the production system.IndustrialisationIndustrialisation has often been associated with industrial conflict. Ross and Hartman (1960) mentioned that the type of strikes of a particular country is connected to the countrys industrial relation system. This theory maps out four patterns, namely North European (type 1), North European (type 2), Mediterranean/Asian and North American.Singapore could probably be classified under North European (type 1) where the government has been actively engaging its interest in the economy of Singapore. There have been continuous efforts by the government to attract more and more foreign genius. Rame sh (2011) quoted what spring Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew said that, Singapore would not be able to punch above its own weight if it were to depend on talents from its own population.As technology progresses, the stress placed on workers for major scale and non-stop productions increases the likelihood of industrial conflict. (Woodward 1958) This again could be due to Marxist perspective where workers with lower status could only provide their labour output as they do not have any capital and those who has the capital would tap these labours output for high profits.InstitutionalisationWright Mills (1948) recognised that there are four phases where institutionalisation is related to the pattern of conflict. The first phase is where trade unions are against the negotiation prerogative of businesses and the focus is on individuals. It is unplanned and can be aggressive.The second phase involves businesses restructuring themselves into associations to oppose the rising authority of t rade unions. As a result, the bargaining outline became more national and industry based, converting conflicts into a more organised manner. Third phase went on to become an effective mediating stage bit the trade unions viewpoints are overruled diplomatically in the fourth phase.At the last phase, trade unions developed tactics to advance into institutions, involving the workers to be part of the economy. They also fill themselves in conflict resolution and labour contracts. For the case of Singapore, NTUC has been strengthening ties with other businesses and unions such as National Taxi Association, Cathay Cineplexes Food & Drinks Allied Workers Union and Housing and Development Board Staff Union. NTUC has also been participating enthusiastically in collective bargaining assembly. Ciegg (1976) also mentioned that the more thorough the difference of opinion reconciled with collective bargaining, the lesser strikes would occur.According to Wright Mills (1948), trade unions and bus iness associations are formed to counteract each other. This led to the nations affair where trade unions becomes engage in politics and in turn affects the government policies.Political FactorsConflict is determined by the sharing of political power distribution. Singapores trade union has a unique relationship with the government, Peoples Action Party (PAP) as most of the members within PAP used to be part of the union. Halimah Yacob being the Deputy Secretary General of NTUC and a Minister would attend cabinet conference and address workers issues. As such, this helped in the reduction of conflicts. It is cited by Korpi and Shalev (1979) that the greater admittance to the government contributes to lesser occurrence of conflict.Economic FactorsAs indicated by Paldham and Pederson (1982), the changing models of conflicts are due to adjustments of wage present in variety of workers. It is researched by Smith et al. (1978) that there are four factors namely amount of income, labour concentration, organisation size and dominance of women in workforce determine the differences in conflict. Those who earn high income in Singapore vie for better income. There is also a significant increase in women joining the workforce according to statistics produced. (Ministry of Manpower 2011)Social FactorsNotwithstanding to economic factors, social factors also play a part in ensuring minimal conflict. mayonnaise (1933) explained that while workers economic needs are met and the social needs are not met, there would be high possibility of conflict and presence of low spirits in the workplace. One aspect of social needs would consist of communication. NTUC promotes its dedication to be one which has open communications in the workplace, free from prejudice regardless of any type of individuals.ConclusionSeveral theories have been discussed pertaining to the causes of industrial conflict. There are many more theories surrounding the field of operations of industrial conflict a nd it differs in different countries depending on the industrial systems and the governance present. It would be impossible for a country or any organization not to have any conflicts. However, Singapore can be considered successful in handling overt conflicts as shown through the legislation in place and also a variety of mediation or conciliation bodies such as NTUC, IAC or MOM which are available for different employees or employers to approach. Finally, there has to be active listening and pro-activeness by the government on dealing with the burning issues occurring constantly as time progress so that conflicts can remain manageable. lengthinessAnantaraman, V. 1900, Singapore Industrial Relations System, Linographic Services Pte Ltd, SingaporeAttorney General Chambers, 2009, Illegal Strikes And Lock-outs in Essential Services, Singapore, viewed 18 February 2012,Balnave,N., Brown,J., Maconachie,G. and Stone,R. 2007, Employment relations in Australia, ass Wiley and Sons, Milton, QldMinistry of Manpower. 2011, Singapore Workforce, 2011, MRSD, Singapore, viewed 20 February 2012,Petzall, S, Abbott, K and Timo, N, 2007, Australian industrial relations in an Asian context, 3rd ed, Eruditions Publishing, Cowes VictoriaRamesh, S. 2011, Spore cannot do without foreign talent Ex-MM Lee, 22 July, viewed 18 February 2012,Sharon, S. 2011, IAC rejects pilots proposal on flight allowance, 21 October, viewed 23 February 2012,Tan Soo San 2004, Wage Reform And Tripartism A Test of Trust at Work, Centre for Governance And Leadership, Singapore, viewed 25 February 2012,

Fluid Mechanics Lab

EN 1029 Laboratory Laboratory FM Declaration In submitting this report, I hereby declare that, except where I have made undetermined and full reference to the contrive of others, this submission, and every last(predicate) the material (e. g. text, pictures, diagrams) contained in it, is my own work, has not previously been submitted for assessment, and I have not knowingly allowed it to be copied by some other student. In the case of group projects, the contribution of group members has been appropriately quantified. I understand that deceiving, or attempting to deceive, examiners by passing off the work of another as my own is plagiarism.I also understand that plagiarising anothers work, or knowingly allowing another student to plagiarise from my work, is against University Regulations and that doing so will result in loss of label and disciplinary proceedings. I understand and agree that the Universitys plagiarism software Turnitin may be utilize to check the originality of t he submitted coursework. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Theory 2. 1 touch on of a Water Jet 2. 2 feed in Through a Venturi Meter 3. Experimental agencys and results 3. 1 Experimental procedure Impact of a Water Jet 3. Experimental procedure Flow through a Venturi Meter 3. 3 Results Impact of a Water Jet 3. 4 Results Flow through a Venturi quantity 4. Discussion 4. 1 Impact of a body of water jet 4. 2 Venturi meter 5. Conclusion 6. References Appendices Abstract Rate of function was measured in 2 different experiments, Impact of a water jet and rise through a Venturi meter. The main accusive was to calculate the inter dislodge in urge and energy loss in endure which was put under pressure. The experiment showed that results obtained put up signifi keistertly defer from the theory if energy losings are not neglected. 1.Introduction Water is the most commonly used resource of renewable energy. In 21st century, hydropower is used in more than 150 countries roughly the world . It is also the most efficient method of producing energy with 90% efficiency output. Impact of a Water Jet is used to show how mechanical work can be created from water flow. When a fluid is put under pressure, the pressure gives it high velocity in a jet. Jet strikes the vanes of the turbine wheel. This wheel thus rotates under the impulse created by the water jet hitting the vanes. Venturi meter is used to measure discharge along a pipe.In this experiment, when pressure is dropped, there is an plus in velocity. Pressure magnitude is dependent on site of flow, so by measuring the pressure drop, discharge can be calculated. Main objective of both(prenominal) experiments is to calculate measure of flow under pressure. 2. Theory 2. 1 Impact of a Water Jet From impulse- nervous impulse reassign par it can be assumed that phalanx is generated payable to the change in momentum of the water. In other words, force equals the difference between the initial and final momentum flow . emplacement of jet impact apparatus used is given in inning 1 Figure 1Jet impinging on a vane is shown in Figure 2. Control volume V is used, bounded by a control excavate S. The entering velocity is u1 (m/s) and its in the x direction. The vane deflects water jet and the leaving velocity is u2 inclined at an angle ? 2 to the x direction. Pressure over the surface of the jet, apart from the part where it flows over the surface of the vane is atmospheric. The change in direction is due to force generated by pressure and shear stress at the vanes surface. The mass flow rate is . Mass flow rate is the mass of substance which passes through a given surface per unit time kg/s.Experiment was done for flat and hemispherical vane. Figure 2 Force on the het in the direction x is FJ (N), then momentum equation in the s- direction is FJ =(u2 cos ? 2 u1) (1) From Newtons Action- Reaction law, force F on the vane is equal and opposite to Fj F =(u1 u2 cos ? 2 ) (2) For flat plate ? 2 = 90 so cos ? 2 = 0. Therefore F =u1 (3) For the hemispherical cup, its assumed that ? 2 = 180 so cos ? 2 = -1,so F =( u1 + u2 )(4) The effect of change of elevation on jet speed and the loss of speed due to friction over the surface of the vane is neglected.Therefore u1 = u2. So, F=2u1(5) If resistance forces are neglected, this is the maximum possible cheer of force on the hemispherical cup. Rate at which momentum enters the control volume, or rate of flow of momentum in the jet, is detonated by symbol J. J =u1(6) For the flat plate rate of flow of momentum in the jet is equal to the force on the vane. This is shown in equation (3). F=J(7) For the hemispherical cup, maximum possible value of the force is from equation (5) F=2J (8) If the velocity of the jet is uniform over its cross section it can be concluded that =? 1A (9) 2. 2 Flow Through a Venturi Meter Piezometer tubes were bored into a wall and links were made from a each of these to vertical manometer tubes, which were plac ed in front of a millimetre scale. Venturi meter is shown in Figure 3 Figure 3 Its assumed that the fluid used is frictionless and incompressible, fluid flow is steady, and energy equation was derived along a stream line. Bernoullis theorem states that u122g+ h1 = u222g+ h2 = un22g+ hn (10) From continuity equation Q=U1A1=U2A2=UnAn(11) here Q is discharge rate( m3/s), and A is cross-sectional area of the pipe(m2) substituting for u1 gives u222ga2a12+ h1 = u222g+h2 (12) Solving equation (3) for u2 gives u2 =2g(h1-h2)1-a2a12 (13) From equation (4) Q=a22g(h1-h2)1-a2a12 (14) In previous equation it was assumed there was no energy loss in the flow and the velocity was constant. In reality, there is some energy loss and velocity is not uniform. Equation (5) is therefore corrected to Q=Ca22g(h1-h2)1-a2a12(15) Where C is the coefficient of the meter.Its value normally lies in within range 0. 92 to 0. 99. Ideal pressure distribution is given in equation (7) hn-h1u222g=a2a12-a2an2 (16) 3. Exp erimental procedures and results 3. 1 Experimental procedure Impact of a Water Jet The apparatus shown in Figure 1 was levelled and lever was balanced, with roll in the hay weight at zero setting. Weight of the jockey was measured. diameter of the nozzle, top of the inning of the vane above the nozzle and the distance from the pivot of the lever to the centre of the vane were recorder. Water was then released through the supply valve and flow rate increased to maximum.The force on the vane displaces the lever, which is then restored to its balanced position by sliding the jockey weight along the lever. The mass flow rate can be established by gathering of water over a timed interval. Additional readings are then taken at build of reducing flow rates. The most efficient way of reducing flow is to place jockey weight precisely at desired position, and then ordinate the flow control valve to bring the lever to the balanced position. Range of settings of the jockey position may be separated efficiently into uniform steps. 3. Experimental procedure Flow through a Venturi Meter The objective of this experiment is to establish the coefficient of the meter C. Bench vale and control vale should be open so water can flow to clear air pockets from the supply system. The control valve is then progressively closed, so the meter is exposed to a steadily increase pressure. This will cause water to pass up the tubes. When water levels have risen to a suitable height, the bench valve is slowly closed, so that, as both valves are lastly shut of, the meter is left holding static water under adequate pressure.Amounts were then recorded for values of (h1 h2) and discharge value Q is recorded. The rate of flow is measured by gathering of water in weighing tank, whilst values of h1 and h2 were read from the scale. Similar readings may be taken at a sequence of reducing values of h1 h2. About 6 readings, proportionately spread in the range of 250 mm to zero. By reading off from all the tubes at any of the settings used, the pressure distribution along the length of the Venturi meter may be logged. 3. 3 Results Impact of a Water Jet dickens sets of readings were taken, one for the flat plate other for the hemispherical plate. send back 1 contains readings for the flat plate and Table 2 results for the hemispherical plate. These tables can be found in Appendix 2. Mass flow is calculated by dividing the Quantity (kg) by Time (s) taken to collect water. Quantity should be converted to m3 where 1 kg water will be 1/1000 m3. e. g. If quantity is 30 kg, time taken is 52. 69 s, mass flow is 0. 569 103 x Q. Using the equation (9), u1 can be calculated. From uo2 = u12 2gs , uo can be deduced. For flat plate J can be calculated using equation (6). F is calculated from F X 150 = W x yData from Table 1 and 2 are plotted on a graph to give a compare between forces and rate of momentum flow of the impact. Graph is presented in Figure 4. Additional information are giv en in Apendex 2 Figure 4 (serial publication 1-flat plate, Series 2- hemispherical plate) 3. 4 Results Flow through a Venturi meter Two sets of data were compared. Values shown in Table 4 are measurements of h1 and h2 at different discharges. In this part of the experiment C is assumed to be constant over a range of measurement. Closer inspection of Table 4 shows C is not constant as Q varies.Piezometer measurements are recorded in Table 5 and compared with ideal pressure distribution given In Table 3. Figure 5 Graph shown in Figure 5 gives variation of (h1 -h2)1/2 With Q. Equation of the graph line is y= 0. 581 x h1-h2=0. 581 x Qx 103 Q =5. 81 x 10-4h1-h2 (16) Substitute (16) in equation (15) to get a value of C. C= 0. 604 Figure 6 shows both ideal and set of results obtained in the experiment. Series 1 shows ideal pressure distribution, and series2 shows obtained results. Figure 6 4. Discussion 4. 1 Impact of a water jet Theory compares well with the experiment considering that th e two lines have different gradients.In theory, gradients of lines are significantly steeper, and this might be because an error in the experiment occurred. Likely errors that might have occurred are measurements of mass of jockey weight distance L from centre of vane to pivot of lever or diameter of water jet emerging from nozzle. If Mass of jockey was incorrectly logged by 0. 001kg, Force on the vane would have 2% error. The graph that was obtained shows force on the hemisphere us less than twice the flat plate. This can be concluded from the line gradient. This implication is supported by the theory.In theory, no friction losings or any other kind of energy losses were included in equations. In the actual experiment, there were some energy losses like friction over the surface of the vane and effect of change of elevation on jet speed. It was assumed that velocity of the jet was uniform over its cross section, which would imply ideal flow. Its likely that this was not the case, a nd momentum gained by the change in velocity. 4. 2 Venturi meter Value of C determined in table A is higher than it theoretically should be. This is probably due errors that occurred in the experiment, like parallax rror. Air in pipes could have also caused an error in the experiment. Value of C obtained from Figure 5 gives a more true-to-life(prenominal) value of 0. 604. The difference between the ideal pressure results and values recorded in the experiment is acceptable considering the coefficient of the meter C that is not included in ideal pressure distribution. Flow of 1x 10-3 m3/s is expected to lie on a negative hn-h1u222g value. 5. Conclusion From both experiments it can be concluded that the flow was not ideal and there were significant energy losses that differ obtained results from theoretical results.In the impact of a water jet experiment it was proven that force on a flat plate is less than the force on the hemispherical plate. Therefore change in momentum flow was sm aller. In the Venturi meter experiment it was shown that ideal pressure distribution differs from obtained results because energy losses effect the results. The errors in both experiments can affect the results significantly an lead to wrong assumptions. References silver-tongued Mechanics, Third Edition? JF Douglas, JM Gasiorek, JA Swafield? Longman Mechanics of Fluids? BS Massey, Van Nostrant Reinhold? Chapman & HallAppendix 1-Nomenclature Symbol Quantity SI units F Force N J Rate of flow of momentum N u velocity m/s Mass flow rate Kg/s D diameter m h height m A Cross-section area m2 ? Angle of elevation degrees ? density Kg/m3 Appendix 2-Raw data Impact of a water jet Diameter of nozzleD= 10. 0 mm Cross sectional area of nozzle A =? D24=7. 85 x 10-5 m2 Height of vane above nozzle tips= 35 mm = 0. 035 m Distance from centre of vane to pivot of leverL= 150 mm Mass of jockey weightM= 0. 600 kg Weight of jockey weightW =Mg = 0. 600 x9. 81 =5. 89 NQuantity (kg) T(s) y(mm) 103 x Q(m3 /s) U1(m/s) U0(m/s) J(N) F(N) 30 52. 69 65 0. 569 7. 25 7. 20 4. 13 2. 55 30 57. 81 55 0. 519 6. 61 6. 56 3. 43 2. 16 30 61. 28 45 0. 490 6. 24 6. 18 3. 06 1. 77 15 22. 76 35 0. 659 8. 40 8. 36 5. 54 1. 37 15 28. 12 25 0. 533 6. 80 6. 75 3. 62 0. 98 15 37. 09 15 0. 404 5. 15 5. 08 2. 08 0. 59 15 75. 09 5 0. 200 2. 54 2. 40 0. 51 0. 196 Table 1 Quantity(kg) T(s) y(mm) 103 x Q(m3/s) U1(m/s) U0(m/s) J(N) F(N) 30 52. 87 120 0. 567 7. 23 7. 18 8. 24 4. 71 30 56. 8 105 0. 527 6. 72 6. 67 7. 08 4. 12 30 60. 78 90 0. 494 6. 29 6. 24 6. 21 3. 53 15 21. 75 75 0. 690 8. 79 875 6. 07 2. 94 15 24. 60 60 0. 610 7. 77 7. 73 9. 48 2. 35 15 28. 32 45 0. 530 6. 75 6. 70 7. 16 1. 77 15 37. 32 30 0. 402 5. 12 5. 05 4. 12 1. 18 Table 2 Venturi Meter Piezometer Tube No. N Diameter of cross-section(mm) Areaa(m2) A(1)BCD(2)EFGHJKL 26. 0023. 2018. 4016. 0016. 8018. 4720. 1621. 8423. 5325. 2426. 00 0. 0005310. 0004230. 0002660. 0002010. 0002220. 0002680. 0003190. 0003750. 0004350. 00050. 000531 0. 150. 69 00. 8701. 0000. 9520. 8660. 7940. 7330. 6800. 6340. 615 0. 1430. 2260. 5721. 0000. 8230. 5630. 3970. 2880. 2140. 1610. 143 0. 000-0. 083-0. 428-0. 857-0. 679-0. 420-0. 253-0. 145-0. 070-0. 0180. 000 Table 3 Quantity (kg) T(s) h1(mm) h2(mm) 103 x Q(m3/s) (h1- h2)(mm) (h1 -h2)1/2(mm)1/2 C 12 17. 67 346 20 0. 679 0. 326 0. 571 1. 236 12 17. 53 346 20 0. 685 0. 326 0. 571 1. 248 12 17. 60 346 20 0. 682 0. 326 0. 571 1. 242 12 20. 69 330 84 0. 580 0. 246 0. 496 1. 216 12 18. 40 330 84 0. 652 0. 246 0. 496 1. 367 12 19. 5 330 85 0. 616 0. 246 0. 496 1. 212 12 21. 36 324 114 0. 562 0. 210 0. 458 1. 275 12 20. 90 324 114 0. 574 0. 210 0. 458 1. 303 12 21. 13 324 114 0. 568 0. 210 0. 458 1. 289 12 20. 00 336 58 0. 600 0. 278 0. 527 1. 183 12 18. 31 336 58 0. 655 0. 278 0. 527 1. 292 12 19. 16 336 58 0. 628 0. 278 0. 527 1. 239 6 12. 23 310 176 0. 491 0. 134 0. 366 1. 395 6 12. 32 310 176 0. 487 0. 134 0. 366 1. 342 6 12. 28 310 176 0. 489 0. 134 0. 366 1. 389 6 17. 11 298 224 0. 351 0. 074 0 . 272 1. 342 6 18. 5 298 224 0. 317 0. 074 0. 272 1. 212 6 18. 03 298 224 0. 334 0. 074 0. 272 1. 277 6 0 296 296 0 0 0 0 6 0 296 296 0 0 0 0 6 0 296 296 0 0 0 0 Table 4 Piezometer Tube No. Q=0. 682 x 10-3u222g 0. 587 m hn(mm) hn h1(m) hn-h1u222g A(1) 346 0. 000 0 B 328 -0. 018 -0. 0307 C 202 -0. 144 -0. 245 D(2) 20 -0. 326 -0. 555 E 52 -0. 294 -0. 501 F 142 -0. 204 -0. 348 G 190 -0. 156 -0. 266 H 224 -0. 122 -0. 208 J 246 -0. 100 -0. 170 K 264 -0. 082 -0. 140 L 268 -0. 078 -0. 133 Table 5 Appendix C

Home-Style Cookies

HOME-STYLE COOKIES CASE ANALYSIS 1 Submitted by George Ramselle P. Deposoy Georgia Hur Jinseog Noreen Rose A. Duran Garry A. Gallo Nina Jessa Marie Ladera Jan Rhett S. Simbulan Daisy Mae O. Tambolero December 13, 2012 COMPANY BACKGROUND The Lew-Mark Baking CompanyArchway cookies largest franchise is located in western New York State which produces fifty varieties of high- superior soft cookies with no preservatives added. The soft cookies mostly appeal to customers over 45 years old and to parents who have young children. The follow has less than 200 employees, mostly blue-collar workers.The crossroadion process begins as soon as orders from distributors arrive. Furthermore, the ingredients ask for each type of cookie entered into a computer which determines the amount of each ingredient needed, according to the quantity of cookies ordered, and relays that information to storage silos located outside the sic where the main ingredients are stored. The ingredients are then(prenom inal) mixed and later on, the batter is cut into individual cookies. The company has also increased the length of each oven by 25 feet resulting in an increase of production rate.The finished cookies are placed into boxes while deformed cookies are removed. This is done manually by workers. The boxes are then wrapped, sealed and label automatically. Most cookies are loaded immediately unto trucks and shipped to distributors. Some are stored in the warehouse but are shipped shortly after because of check shelf life. CENTRAL PROBLEM The decision whether to adopt new production processes and alter some of the old ones and its effects to the entire production process as well as the product itself. OBJECTIVES To find the most favorable course of action that pull up stakes benefit the entire company in the long-run * To performance potential improvements and use it to their advantage * To improve the quality of the product SWOT ANALYSIS Strength * The product is very marketable especia lly to the health conscious segment of the society like the elders, and parents for children since it has no added preservativessomething which gives them an edge to other competitors. * Efficient in their production Weakness * The product has a short shelf-life. * Use of mixed-up cookies as oatmeal cookies may distort the product itself Opportunities Automation of production processes * Less delivery lead magazine if they employ nearer supplierssubject to the permit of the mother company * Product expansionstill subject to the permission of the mother company Threats * The company qualification lag behind other companies in terms of technology and productivity since they manually do the production processes. * Growth will be stagnant if they refuse to expand their product line selection COURSES OF ACTIONS Automate the packaging process avail/s * Saves money, more efficient, and time-savingDisadvantages/s * 30 workers in the production team will be rendered jobless. * Broken c ookies might be included also in the packaging process since there is no one to take them off considering the shift from manual to automated. Use additives/preservatives in the ingredients to make cookies Advantage/s * This will allow a longer shelf life to the cookies. * The company will be able to extend its up-to-the-minute location points. Disadvantages/s * The customers perception might change in terms of quality, knowing that the company is branded of producing good food.Sell broken cookies Advantage/s * This will ensure that all the products produced are fresh. If all broken cookies are used to make oatmeal cookiesthat is, including filled cookiesit will distort the product itself Disadvantage/s * Waste disposal costs would increase. Use suppliers located closer to the plant Advantages/s * This will lessen delivery lead time and transportation costs They can also test if the products of the supplier can meet the same quality of their original suppliers products Disadvantage/ s Product quality may suffer. RECOMMENDATION The first, third and fourth ACA is recommended. Since the company is highly concerned of the quality of the product, they should use fresh ingredients and not just scraps from the other ones made. With regards to the blow out disposal costs, they can just sell the broken pieces as animal food to zoos or other animal sanctuaries. The fourth one is also recommended since it will allow the company to save on some expenses.If they are dubious about the quality, they may have a cookie taste test development the local products and compare it to their cookies which were made using their original suppliers productsthat is of course subject to the approval of their franchisor. CONCLUSION Judging from the background given, the company is doing exceedingly well in the production of their products. They are highly efficient and effective as well. Their products are very marketable, inventory control is good, and their regard for quality is highly c ommendable. Conclusively, the over-all performance of the company is well and they are in control of the business.

Human Resources Performance Appraisals

This paper should include sections on the strategic favours of performance judgments, potential forms of bias within the appraisal system, as well as how performance appraisals can contribute to the achievement of strategic objectives. Performance appraisal is considered a key tool for managerial needfully of todays organizations and is the process by which organizations evaluate job performance. A performance appraisal system usually requires a manager to rate to each one employees performance according to performance criterias that have already been established over a period of time.Performance appraisal systems also provide a basis for planning improvement as well as means for determining merit increases, transfers and even dismissals. The most important purpose or endeavor of the appraisal is to improve performance and hence productivity in the future. Performance appraisals allow employees to see where they are at and managers can get valuable randomness from employees to help them make employees jobs more productive.As a result of appraisals, managers control over work and results may increase, problems can be identified early, employees are motivated by being allowed to input into and own their objectives, enhances communication, objective feedback given back to employees, facilitates decision making in regard to pay scale and promotion, centralized genius of performances. nearly strategic advantages of performance appraisals are that it can provide a record of performance over a period of time.Meaning that if you have been on the job for 5 years and the current appraisal is not up to par the employer can go back and look at past appraisals and see if its expense it to fix the problem to keep you or let you go. They provide an opportunity for a manager to meet and discuss performance with an employee. In larger companies an HR manager may hardly ever see the employees by doing the performance appraisal it allows for a one on one with each employ ee.Another strategic advantage is the appraisal provides the employee with feedback about their performance and how they completed their goals. Thus it also opens up the subject of how the employee could improve on the lower rated performances and provides an opportunity for an employee to discuss issues and to clarify expectations with their manager. finally some strategic advantages could be an opportunity to think about the upcoming year and develop employee goals and can be motivational with the support of a adept reward and compensation system.Some potential forms of bias within the appraisal system could be a Personality conflict between a manager and an employee and this could political campaign the manager to inaccurately assess an employees contributions to an organization. The manager could be comparing the skills and contributions of one employee to another and it could result in an unfair assessment of the employees. A manager should be assessing an employees performa nce after a pre-determined amount of time. A first-impression performance appraisal isnt enough time to make an assessment.It has the potential to be swayed either positively or negatively. A manager should never rate an employees performance based on recent behavior rather than on past performance. If an employee has a spotless record except for a recent mistake, the manager should not forget all of the good he or she has done. The last potential form of bias with in the appraisal system is that a manager should avoid political bias. This happens when non-performance related issues cloud the judgment of a performance appraiser such as spiritual beliefs or lifestyle choices.

Professionalism in Nursing Essay

AbstractNursing requires not only having the education and compassion of helping others it requires having a professional outlook. Having and demonstrationing a professional outlook requires you to have the emplacement and appearance and the willingness to help others.Professionalism in NursingProfessionalismIn order to understand the concept of professionalism, we first need to destine the word profession. Webster describes profession as a chosen, paid occupation requiring prolonged training and formal qualification. Professionals therefore can be defined as individuals expected to display competent and skillful behaviors in alignment with their profession. Being professional then is the act of behaving in a manner defined and expected by the chosen profession. This framework for professionalism in nurse began with our early roots with Florence Nightingale who set the bar rather high in regards to giving of herself to others and her expectation of excellence in practice.She was an inventor, a visionary, a missionary and she delivered all with a commitment to passion and love. We as nurses are no different. We bear the tremendous responsibility of upholding the values of our profession. Our marrow squash nursing values define the driving force that dictates our beliefs and our behaviors.( Welling RE, Boberg JT. 2010)Nursing as a profession embodies some values inherent in those who pursue nursing careers. When nurses are asked to identify their core values, they are surprisingly consistent without the profession globally. They include honesty, responsibility, pursuit of new knowledge, belief in human dignity, equality of all patients and the desire to keep back and alleviate suffering. In other words, all of us as nurses have chosen this profession to help others in need and to improve the quality of lifetime for all. That mantra has not changed since the days of Florence Nightingale.( Welling RE, Boberg JT. 2010)So how does this transfer to the expec tations of your practice wherever you inter expression with patients? Your professionalism will be judged in your personal behaviors and how you present yourself to all those around you, and through those behaviors, you tell the world who you are. Components of your professionalism include your attitude, your appearance and your willingness to help others.(Doukas, D.J 2009)AttitudeAttitude is everything The way you view your world and portray that view to others is everything. I am for certain that you all can identify someone in your work environment with a terrible attitude that does their dress hat to make the rest of the staff miserable. Unfortunately, many times they are successful culling everyone into the puddle with them. People behave like this because they are looking for attention and by sucking everyone else into their drama they grab that attention and control the environment. This type of behavior is counter to the expectations of the nursing profession to focus on helping others rather than focusing on our own problems. individualized issues need to be left at home and not taken into the work area. There are always going to be times when we face issues in our lives that threaten our positive outlook. I find it helpful to be grateful for everything I have.I believe that waking up in the break of the day is the best thing that can happen to me and the rest of the day becomes a gift. My mom told me this story about how she had the opportunity to meet a wonderful brothel keeper who lost her girlfriend to cancer recently. A tremendous lesson for her was to be grateful for every minute she had with her daughter and to convert the have tos to the get tos. When her daughter was depressed that she had to go for more chemotherapy, she reframed that to the fact that she got to go for more chemotherapy which kept her alive for much longer. If we begin to be grateful for what we have, our whole outlook on life changes and the way we relate to battal ion becomes more meaningful. Be grateful because you get to be a nurse, you get to pick up your kids from sports, you get to go grocery shopping, you get to wake up in the morning the list goes on and on.(Cruess, R.L 2006)( Blumenthal D. 2009)AppearanceThere is no way around the fact that people judge you by your personal appearance. Clean scrubs, neat hair, clean shoes and a well groomed look makes the statement that you care about yourself as a person and therefore have the capacity to care about others. People that look sloppy may be perceived by others as unorganized, lazy, and uncaring. If you do not care about yourself, how can you truly care for others? A little attention to how you look goes a long way to display your professionalism.(Welling, R.N 2010)( Blumenthal D.2009)Willingness to Help OthersWhat has amazed me in nursing since I have been going to different clinical sites for 4 years is the observation that nurses do not inevitably support individually other as we sh ould. There needs to be solidarity in our profession, and yet, what I have observed, is a more individualized approach where we, as nurses, are more worried about ourselves than the whole of the profession. This translates into your willingness to help others and to work together as a team, as well as speak positively about your profession whenever you can. Remember, your profession is different than your job. At times we, as nurses, may tend to talk negatively about the nursing profession because we do not like where we work, and that you have control over.There is no question that nursing is a tough profession, both physically and mentally, and that with changes in the economy and the pressures of wellness care reform, the work environment will become even more challenging. To survive and actually thrive in nursing, we will all need to pull together as a profession and begin by working together at the bedside and being great team players willing to support each other. Something ma gical happens when we give to others wonderful things begin to come back to us in far greater ways than what we have originally given.(Inui, T.S 2008)Nurses are the nearly trusted profession in the world we have so much to give. Show the world how wonderful we are by always putting your best foot forward not only for yourself, but for all of us in this wonderful profession Make a differenceReferencesCruess RL, Cruess SR. inform medicine as a profession in the service of healing. Academic Medicine 2006 72 941-952. Medical Professionalism in the New Millenium A Physician Charter. Ann intern Med 2008136 243-246 Inui, T.S. A Flag in the Wind Educating for Professionalism in Medicine. Assoication of American Medical Colleges 2008 Doukas, D.J. Where is the Virtue in ProfPessionalism. Cambridge Quarterly in Healthcare Ethics. 2009 12 147-154. Blumenthal D. Nurses in a wired world can professionalism survive connectivity? The Milbank Quarterly. 200980(3)525-46, iv. Panush RS. Not for sal e, not even for rent just say no. Thoughts about the American College of Rheumatology adopting a mark of ethics. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2010 May29(5)1049-57. Chervenak FA, McCullough LB. Neglected ethical dimensions of the professional liability crisis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 May190(5)1198-200. Welling RE, Boberg JT. Professionalism lifelong commitment for nurses. Archives of Nurses. 2010 Mar138(3)262-4 treatment 264.

Charter Change in the Philippines

Summarize the article Before summarizing the articleCHACHA call for for inclusive growth. I would like you to exist that some sentences below argon interpreted from the article. Thus, I do non account any ownership on some other lines. The article is about Charter pitch (cha-cha-cha) must be pushed in the Philippines. It sites that our Constitution, is not welcoming inappropriate stationors to our mass media and advertising, public utilities, educational institutions, land ownership, and exploitation of natural resources.The good red-hots is, letting impertinent investors to invest except in our stock market, not in actual capital goods and fixed enthronements. Moreover, our president compared our country to China who tin afford to be regulative of land ownership. This proves that we can also have a growing rate. However, the government of China is more efficient than ours in implementing infrastructure projects. On the other hand, changing our constitution can be very simple, according to Feliciano Belmonte, What the legislators can do is to append the phrase except when otherwise provided by law to tout ensemble the limiting economic provisions.Though, it sounded simple, As the critics say, any unlimited ability to buy land could enable the rich Arabs or the Chinese to buy all the 7,100 islands of the Archipelago. Also, Bernardo M. Villegas suggest that the new Foreign Investments Act should allow a 49 percent immaterial ownership also to assure the preservation of certain national values that could be endangered in the hands of foreigners who may espouse such counter values as abortion, divorce and gay marriages.All in all, the massive entry of foreign investors regulated by the Foreign Investments Act can do much to make all the sectors of the Philippine deliverance more competitive, with the resulting benefits to consumers in the form of displace prices, higher quality of goods or services and greater productivity from the technology t hat foreigners pull up stakes bring with them. Explain why you agree or disagree. Discuss your reaction At first, I disagree to Charter flip or also k promptlyn as CHA-CHA. We all might be interested to inclusive growth, add-on investment in infrastructure and GDP.But let us try look to on the other side. Like, what are the possible consequences we may face? We all know that allowing CHACHA means letting foreigners/outsiders to take advantage on us. Allowing them to buy and be part of our mass media and advertising, public utilities, educational institutions, land ownership, and exploitation of natural resources. In short, we are giving them a chance to rule over our country. However, I tried to read more about CHA-CHA. As I have been reading, I effected that I am over thinking of national security.And so, I started to agree with CHA-CHA. Basically right from the start, we are allowing ourselves to be part of CHA-CHA. The question is how? tally to the website I have read at Te chnology and globalization have also rendered those Constitutional prohibitions meaningless. In the age of the Internet, satellite television and social media, Philippines are consuming their media content from sources all over. We can listen to a radio, watch movies, and read newspapers without even up going through a Filipino-controlled media outfit.Moreover, people can even attend lectures and get a degree from a foreign university online. Therefore, these Constitutional prohibitions are such anachronisms and must be removed. This affected me very much, I realized that CHA-CHA is not so bad at all. With this, we can modernize our political and economic institutions. All in all, I agree and disagree at the same time. Why is there a lease for carry change? After reading articles on the internet, I have understood that Charter change (CHA-CHA) allow improve and revise our constitution.It is to reform some law and member. I am not saying that some Article is wrong, but what I m trying to say is that our constitution will be better if Charter change (CHA-CHA) will be pushed. Moreover, here are some laws and Article that needfully to be pushed/made (1) in our 1987 Constitution, there is no Anti-Trust law that prohibits monopoly and encourages competition between businesses. (2) Article XII Protectionism, which makes the Philippines most restrictive in foreign investment. (3) Federalization, this will spread the economic wealth throughout the country.The reason why the Manila is very congested, is because of the unhealthy spread economic wealth, this is because there arent much jobs offered in some regions and so most country men are forced to migrate in Manila which is becoming more congested. And those are the three laws and Article that I want to push through. Furthermore, I believe that with Charter change (CHA-CHA ) our country will improve its education, infrastructures, public utilities, and exploitation of natural resources. With these we will be a ble to increase our inclusive growth, increase investment in infrastructure and GDP.And so I believe that we need to push through Charter change (CHA-CHA ). How can such change jumpstart the economy? Charter change will be very helpful to improve our economy. Charter change (CHA-CHA ) attracts foreign investors, with these we will be able to increase our inclusive growth, increase investment in infrastructure and GDP. But the question is how? Like I said originally, CHA-CHA will increase our foreign investors. These foreign investors will create businesses here that will need workers. And those workers will be us. Other than an increase in our investment it will also be a job opportunity for every Filipino.If there are job oppurtunities in our country, then it means that there will be a decrease of OFW. The 100-percent ownership requirement for media companies, including similar restrictions on the advertising industry, easily come to mind. Such prohibitions deny our media companie s the chance to get foreign capital they need to be world class. I recall that those restrictions were imposed out of fear that our people will be subjected to unwanted foreign media influence. Well, in the age of satellite communications and cable television, that objective will not be met anyway.They entirely beam their programs to us from Hong Kong and Singapore, with both benefiting from their investments. We are simply a market that outflows dollar payments to them. The 60/40 limitation on ownership of public utility companies is another outdated mandate. Given the enormity of investments needed in these types of companies that are impossible to raise in this country, a properly regulated 100-percent foreign ownership should be beneficial to our consumers. Indeed, it is the only way to provide powerful competition to home-grown monopolies.I also have no problems with liberalized citizenship rules. We are now a nation in diaspora, pretty much like the Jews. We are scattered al l over the world not because we want to, but because we have to earn a li-ving somehow. A piece of paper does not define who a Filipino is. The sense of being Filipino is in the heart. Since overseas Pinoys also have economic clout, they could play a key role in raising needed capital for our economic development. Jews in America enjoy dual citizenship and they contribute greatly to Israels economy.Why not similarly tap our Fil-Am brothers and sisters and all Pinoys elsewhere by allowing them dual citizenship? They are real Pinoys by blood and sentiment. On the form of government, I am ready to try a real parliamentary establishment. The semi-parliamentary try out of Mr. Marcos does not count since the government system then was essentially dictatorial. I initially thought we need a Senate for the sense of statesmanship needed to formidability our legislature. But picking a statesman to the Senate has become difficult these days. We have showbiz personalities being elected more out of usuality than ability.And with the cost of getting elected nationally now out of hand, the Senate as a concept no longer works. Lets have a unicameral body that will at least save us time and money. A parliament working under the leadership of a Prime rector will have full responsibility for running the government and passing the needed legislative measures. Hopefully, there will be no more buck passing. Failure is failure and the Prime Minister and his government must take full responsibility. A good Prime Minister can serve beyond the six-year presidential term.A bad one can be thrown out into the streets in a month without having to do another People Power event on EDSA. We can still elect a basically symbolic President who is the head of state. This will allow the masa to still directly vote for Fernando Poe Jr. or even Dolphy and do runty damage to the functioning of government. With the Presidents function limited to such ceremonies as accepting the credentials of a mbassadors and hosting visiting dignitaries in state dinners, even a charming moron who has the minimum ability to read a ghost written speech can be President.That way, the country need not disturb about an Erap disaster, i. e. , bestowing enormous responsibility on a total incompetent, happening again. A constituent assembly composed of the present members of Congress should do just fine. I dont believe a specially elected constitutional assembly would be better or any different. We will only spend good money to elect the relatives and friends of the current members of Congress simply because thats the power structure nationwide. Besides, a constitutional convention will in all likelihood prolong its job and will want to rewrite the entire Constitution.The last thing we need is another deliberative body and endless debates. Talk, contrary to popular belief, is not cheap. We only need a few key amendments. We only have to give the constituent assembly a narrow mandate in the join t resolution to amend specific provisions and nothing more. Let us also stop this nonsense of accusing GMA or JDV of wanting charter change so they can be Prime ministers. They have both said they are not interested. Even if they are, so what? It is a new chunk game and maybe with new rules, they can be more effective. For now, lets take their word for it so we can move on.I will give way that it would be better if our political parties are ideologically different from each other. But we just have to get started now or we will neer get there. Maybe, eventually we can have a real choice of party ideologies. In the meantime, we need the new basic rules and the political stability of not having to worry about another EDSA toppling a president. Even if we have to change Prime Ministers every month in the beginning, that would be less stressful to investors than the EDSA system which involves the armed services in an extremely painful process of leadership change.Let us not complicate this charter change business with extraneous baggage. We need some changes just so we can be economically competitive. While none of these changes constitute a cure-all and none is as good as a radical change of attitude in every Filipinos heart, a few well chosen amendments can give the economy a jump start. We dont have the luxury of time to debate these vital changes to death. Lets get moving fast before things really get out of hand as in Joma returning home and not necessarily in hand cuffs.

Useful contacts in fashion industry

Thinking about my coming(prenominal) life and calling, long term purposes for this MA are to fabricate utile contacts in construction industry in UK, derive a existent penetration into the Ethical modal value Industry in UK, and hopefully eat up a work arrangement at the Ethical make Forum. In order to carry through my under victorious, I need to make the prognosis look for of the Ethical Manner in UK and India in order to make to the surpass subject of my question.To finish this MA, good clip and pioneer managementskills is traveling to be one and only(a) of my most of import challenges. Besides, my strong focal point would be on strategically be aftering and developing interrogation accomplishments. Carry throughing my acquisition understanding ends leave alone give me new understanding and cognizance on the Ethical Manner Industry in UK and India.For accomplishing all of the above, I need to construct countless contacts with the agency interior decorator, concerns an d administration concentrating upon sustainability in the room industry in UK and India. Once, I have made adequate contacts and collected information I leave behind so discourse and orate about my undertaking proffer. Ultimately, when I get an enthusiastic response, by looking at the success of Ethical mould Market, UK, I will so interchange those thoughts with Kakoli Banergee, Trustee, Satya Jyoti Trust, India to join forces and explicate my undertaking program. If I receive a positive hope I would believe I have ultimately completed my MA journey, successfully.ANSHU YADAVInvestigate into an Ethical Manner mart in UK and IndiaUndertaking PROPOSALTitleInvestigate into an Ethical Manner market in UK and IndiaPurposeUnderstand the current scenario of ethical manner concern in India and associate to UK. Research UK S ethical manner concern providea program for doing of a selling organic structure ( Eco Fashion commonalty ) for ethical manner manufacturer group and craftsman s in India.RESEARCH QUESTIONSWhat is Ethical Fashion?Specifying Ethical MannerSustainability and ternary underside lineFinding out issues and patterns of Ethical MannerReviewing history of ethical mannerFast Fashion and Cheap FashionWhat is the market size of Ethical Fashion?Domestic ( INDIA ) market research on the Ethical Fashion Business and Lifestyle.International ( UK ) market research on the Ethical Fashion Business and Lifestyle.What is sustain subject issue and ingestion. Specifying the sustainable production and ingestionDomestic ( INDIA ) industry research on methods of sustainable production and ingestionInternational ( UK ) industry research on methods of sustainable production and ingestionSustainable Fashion manufacturer groups and their jobs in IndiaWhat are the assorted enfranchisement possibilities for set uping a sustainable manner concern in UK and India?Ethical criterions and LabelingTrade Tariffs and BarriersWhat is value range?Specifying value concatenationR esearch into associating the national ethical manner manufacturers and international purchasers and markets.RESEARCH METHODSMeasure Case Study, Grounded Theory and Consumer reactions survey.Quality Experimental AnalysisANSHUYADAVInvestigate into an Ethical Manner market in UK and India3. Primary Research focalise on garnering information on ethical manner from India and UK3.1 Interviews with cardinal assemblage members of Ethical Fashion Forum, UK.3.2 Interviews with emerging manner and fabric interior decorators in sustainable design in UK and India.3.3 Social networking, for case, Face book,3.4 Fashion Business networking Ethical Fashion Forum ( UK ) , Designer Forum ( UK ) , Ethical Trade Initiative ( UK ) , deceitfulness grade ( India ) , Labour administrations, Manufacturers of Sustainable Fibers, Yarns and Fabrics.3.5 Personal contacts in the Fashion Industry will assist me derive appreciable attack.3.6 Questionnaires and Videos of assorted creative persons involved in Sust ainable Manner patterns.3.7 International tendency and manner show visits. For case, capital of the United Kingdom Fashion Week, London The Cloth Show, Birmingham Premier Vision, Paris3.8 Design institutes and authorities organic structures3.9 Non lolly income Administration, Satya Jyoti Trust, India.4. Secondary Research Concentrating on Ethical Fashion Forum in UK.4.1 Co work with Ethical Fashion Forum as a research houseman, alongside an associate manager, roll uping research for EFF undertakings and thus farts.4.2 To understand the deductions of explicating a selling organic structure ( Eco Fashion Park ) in India, for the sustainable Practioners.4.3 crumple Journals ( MONOCLE, DRAPERS, FINANCIAL TIMES, ECO- TEXTILE ) Weekly Magazines ( TREND UNION, NEW CONSUMER, THE ECOLOGIST ) and Online Magazine ( THREAD ) , and Readings ( ECO- CHIC, BY SANDY BLACK GREEN IS THE NEW BLACK, BY T BLANCHARD, telephone line ETHICS AND VALUES, BY PETE ENGARDIO SUSTAINABLE FASHION AND TE XTILES BY KATE FLETCHER.4.4Get studies from on-line Databases and Articles ( MINTLE, GMID, JUST STYLE.COM )5. Literature Research Refer to BibliographyRational number OF MY PROJECTIn my position point ethical manner is the exciting topic to analyze as it has been catching the headlines within manner industry in recent times.It is the singularity in manner that allows us to look at sustainability in advanced ways. Therefore, Fashion provides an chance of consciousness for sustainability.Many sustainable patterns and motions are deriving impulse and traveling towards mainstream. Green edifices, insides, place merchandises and even green nuptialss and events are booming, yet manner is when embraced in sustainable ways, holds even greater impact potency. What is besides alone to manner, more so than other sustainable tracts, is that it is a big vehicle.Ethical manner besides interested me as it focuses on ailment patterns in the mills, poorness decrease, environment instruction, product ion and ingestion issues, with a strong attending on workers wellness in relation to the manner industries.Ethicall manner at a planetary degree has captured my involvement, for the really simple ground, that London manner has stepped frontward to advance ethical manner vesture. Top store, Marks and Spencer, Zara, Next, Europeon Fashion concatenation and USA Banana Republic are all specializing in going green . With a strong focal point on Ethical Fashion Forum ( UK ) , I want to cognize how to make such(prenominal) a non for net income administration, where the ethical manner manufacturer group, from field to mill to stop merchandise, exchange thoughts, collaborate and pass on efficaciously on assorted sustainable patterns and events.My acquaintance in Ethical Manner from UK wouldthen let me to supply the program of doing a successful selling organic structure ( Eco Fashion Park ) for Ethical Fashion manufacturer groups and craftsmans of India, in India.GOALS AND OBJECTIVESLEANI NG GOAL 11.1 Clarity of ideas Think profoundly for filtrating clear and in-depth information.1.2 Assessed Bing able to make up ones mind the best concluding research subject.LEARNING GOAL 22.1 Quick and Accurate Reading discover to read relevant subjects and fast. Besides to better drumhead and note taking accomplishments, to be able to use utile informations resource at clip of digest of my undertaking.2.2 Assessed Leting myself to do reading list and note returns wonts.LEARNING GOAL 33.1 maestro Writing and Presentation Skills enhance my English speech production and composing accomplishments, professional attack towards any assigned undertaking and entries.3.2 Assessed Confidently being able to joint and present myPGC Presentation and Learning Agreement.LEARNING GOAL 44.1 Project Planning and Self Time Management Skills Producing a comprehensive undertaking proposal with a proposed attack, research way and agenda to be followed.4.2 Assessed Bing able to bring forth a timely en try of Project Proposal.LEARNING GOAL 55.1 skipper Cognition History of Ethical Fashion Design, Business and Industry, increased consciousness of Ethical Fashion Business in planetary context.5.2 Assessed Bing able to near future research stage professionally.LEARNING GOAL 66.1 International Work Experience Placement Co- work with Ethical Fashion Forum to derive more cognition about Ethical Manner6.2 Assessed Possible Case Studies and Personal Growth of improved synergistic accomplishments.LEARNING GOAL 77.1 Research orientation accomplishments Better my research formulate accomplishments, by ego apprehension and implementing them in my thesis.7.2 Assessed Bing able to do a research oriented MA Dissertation in the last stage of research.Undertaking TERRAINResultKNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDINGUndertaking Proposal, presented in the PGC phaseProject related information aggregation and analysis, utilizing the primary and secondary research methodsLearning understanding refer to this paper sSelf clip directionSKILLS, QUALITIES AND ATTRIBUTESProject Management refer to the undertaking clip frameLearning Contract abridgment FormPlan of learning resources inside the University ( Oct- Nov 2008 )Reading relevant magazines and books in library and utilizing library adopting resource to acquire the selling get which I needAttend the talks that are related to my undertaking proposalAttend undergraduate talks of Fashion and Textile Management.Ask inquiries about y research from my coach and supervisorMultiple photocopies of magazines, diaries, study and books from libraryPlan of learning resources outside the University ( Jan-June 2009 )Observe the magazine market from intelligence, studies, web logs, forum on web sitesMake contacts with the relevant industry or hopefully happen a research internship with Ethical Fashion Forum, UK, which can assist me derive the cognition of Sustainable Fashion and Textile industry.Maintain Chronofile ( My Research log book )Academic suppor tKeep in touch with supervisors and professors during making the undertakingUse the library larning resource to obtain any relevant study that I need.Practical acquisitionTry to reach as many Fashion Designers, Sustainable Fashion Producer groups, consultancy s and non for Net income Administrations.Interview the people who relate to my undertaking proposal and larn the accomplishments of communicating.Designation of larning demandsSuggestions from my supervisor and coachLectures which are related to my undertaking proposalLatest studies and intelligence on manner, design and ethical manner marketRoll up a batch of documentariesrelated to sudate stores and sustainable Manner and Textiles.Learn to acquire the sentiments from different people and understand Ethical consumer and manufacturer groups in UK and India.Besides interact with manner pupils and do pictures inquiring about their purchasing attitudes towards Ethical Fashion Clothing.Skills to sum up the information that I obtain during the researchSkills to take a precise note from interview ( primary research ) and books and picture ( secondary research )Designation of non-learning resource demandsEntree to university computing machine which has professional package to bring forth my papers and seting exposures and imagesTarget day of the month for completion of undertaking proposal

Сysti fibros and curcumin

Corcumin or corcuma is the scientific name of the ancient spice turmeric. It is a rhizome that is commonly available in the market as a bright yellow powder. It is a popular condiment and culinary dye in the East and the Mid-East. However, other than its utility in the kitchen, corcumin also has medical uses. It is a nuts digestive and an antiseptic, and currently, it is regarded as a cure for cystic fibrosis (The Epicentre, 2003). What are the major symptoms of cystic fibrosis?Cystic Fibrosis is practically diagnosed from symptoms characterized by thick, viscious mucus secreations in the lungs, color and amount change of sputum, chronic cough usually with line of products streaks, wheezing, and bronchitis. Other symptoms of the disease include chronic sinusitis, asthma, nasal polyps, weight loss, dehydration, excessive salt in sweat, type AB pain, flatulence, and fatigue (The Epicentre, 2003). Why does the sweat of patients with CF submit excess salt? The sweat of CF patients h ave excessive salt because the CF blocks the chloride that passes through the membranes.This leaves the chloride stranded in the sweat ducts, resulting in trapped atomic number 11 and positively charged chloride. This causes the salty seat that emerges from the body of a CF patient (Orenstein, 2003). What is CFTR and what is its normal number? Also known as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR is responsible for making protein that serves as a channel for the membrane of cells that produce mucus, sweat, saliva, tears, and digestive enzymes.It helps in the transportation of positive chloride ions and negative sodium ions. It also regulates the movement of water supply in the tissues, which is necessary for the production of thin, free-flowing mucus. This mucus lubricates the linings of the different body systems (National Library of Medicine NLM, 2009). What is the role of encamp in CFTR function? The role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in CFTR function i s that it helps regulate the CFTR through protein kinase A (NLM, 2009).Why does delta F508 revolution in CFTR cause CF? How is the delta F508 protein different from normal proteins? How does this change affect the movement of the protein through the ER? Delta F508 protein mutation causes CF because it lacks phenylalanine residue at position 508. Due to this, it cannot function as normal proteins do. When this mutation is synthesized through the normal cellular machinery, it is rapidly recognized as misfolded and is shortly degraded even forward reaching the actual site of action at the cell surface.There is only a low fortune for this kind of protein mutation to reach the ER or the endoplasmic reticulum (Rowe, Miller, & Sorscher, 2005). References National Library of Medicine. (2009, May 29). CFTR. genetics Home Reference. Retrived June 3, 2009, from http//ghr. nlm. nih. gov/gene=cftr Orenstein, D. (2003). Cystic Fibrosis. New York Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Rowe, S. M. , M iller, S. , & Sorscher, E. J. (2005). Cystic fibrosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 352 (19), 19922001. The Epicentre. (2003). Turmeric. The Epicentre Encyclopedia of Spices. R

Self-Awarness in College

What is self aw areness? It is the ability to read ones emotion and recognize their impact while victimisation guts feeling to guide decisions. It includes recognition of our somebodyality, our strengths and weaknesses, our likes and dislikes. Developing self-cognizantness base help us to recognize when we are stressed or under pressure. It is also often a prerequisite for effective communication and interpersonal relations, as well as for developing empathy for others. Self sentiency is the ability to option or plectron to choose thoughts being thought rather than simply thinking the thoughts that are stimulated from the accumulative events booster cable up to the circumstances of the moment.Why is self awareness important? If you want to change your life in any way you need to know yourself before you flowerpot act. You need to know what you need to do to head in the right direction and you cant do that until you know yourself.In addition, being self aware go away mean th at you provide be better able to choose a suitable locomote which will satisfy you. Self awareness can enrich your life because you can move side by side(predicate) to your values and realizing your dreams. Becoming self aware does not mean being selfish though. Discovering the inner you will enable you to give more of yourself to others and this will benefit your relationships as well as helping to attain your self esteem and confidence as you become true to yourselfAs you grow in self awareness, you will better witness why you feel, what you feel and why you be puddle as you be vex. That understanding so gives you the opportunity and freedom to change those things youd like to change about yourself and create the life you want. If you fully know who you are, self acceptance and change become possible.Thesis statement Self-awareness is being aware of who you are, and how you will present your self to a new environment. This paper will show how graduating high school proport ion their emotions in a given plaza. Going to a new environment will be a challenge where in you have to use your social skills to present yourself to others, and if you are not aware of what that situation are It will be hard for you to cope up and adjust. Being self aware can balance your needs of adapting and adjusting while being your regular self. There are reasons why self awareness is important in your life, and how this is developed and use for your social needs. Developing self awareness can be hard like developing a character or personality because it is based on who you are, and what is honey oil for you. But when you develop your self awareness you will be like a new and supreme person.Knowing others is wisdom, knowing yourself is Enlightenment. Tao Tzu *How can graduating students develop Self-awareness in College? take upt be too shy, touch on out to people have a conversation. Have the courage to express your thoughts. Be social to others, dont get stuff St art with a friend, and then join a small group. Dont be afraid to speak out your emotions to others. Dont feel embarrass, because people operate mistakes but make the most decision with proper interaction.Dont try to have a social-phobia and interact with people reach out and share your thoughts. Dont be afraid to embarrass yourself once in a while. Have confidence and approach a person that you dont know and have a short conversation. Exchange contacts and positive words and later you will have a new friend to add in the circle of friend that you have. An Emotional Intellect person knows his/her own levels of self-awareness and this is use in how to know of how aware you are or how much courage you have to approach and have a social interaction with people in a new environment.*How can graduating high school student manage their Self-awareness? Self management involves controlling ones emotions and impulses and adapting to ever-changing circumstances + Self-awareness involves the ability to read ones emotion and recognize their impact while using guts feeling to guide decisions.When you recognize your emotions, you should also know to control it and adapt to changes. There should be understanding between you and your friends and recognize each others emotions. Be aware of what kind of emotion you express that your friends would understand why you are expressing that emotion. Manage your self awareness and slowly adapt the new environment you take.

Should welfare recipients receive drug testing?

Since welfargon programs starting lineed in the 60s, a reoccurring prototype has been seen in more cases than one. Fraudulent activity and taking advantage of the system has been happening for way in wish well manner long in our conjunction. A simple medicate raise should be administered to benefit recipients if they expect to peck the get aheads that are offered to them. If other citizens such as the ones in the working class are held accountable to be administered a dose screening, those who would like to bear government help should be held to the same standard.The abolition of the entitlement enculturation found in Ameri drop society will ultimately benefit the Countries economy and character. While the construct of this practice is not to stereotype one time morest the lower class, it should be seen as a mandatory evaluation to those who would like to continue benefitting from the governments aid. The goal of do drugs testing public assistance recipients is not to revoke their privileges, it is evidently to reform the system of wellbeing and make sure that those who authentically need assistance are having their aim met.I.) The controversy of how many eudaemonia recipients tested for substance abuse has been inst tout ensemblen to be skewed.A.) The Ameri john obliging Liberties Union (ALCU) finds that simply 2.6 percent of offbeat recipients in Florida study tested negative for substance abuse. The nation of Florida drug tested 4,086 applicants. Only 108 individuals tested verifying, however, it is obvious that many recipients delay application due to the concomitant that they know they will have their benefits stripped because of the positive results. (Bragdon) 1.) As a result of the Temporary helper for indigent Families (TANF) act, recipients would be required to pay out of pocket to be administered a urinalysis, and would be reimbursed if passed, set ahead backing up the idea of skewed evidence as recipients would be much m ore seeming to not spend their own money on a test that they would be sure to fail.With near $58,000 spent reimbursing drug test fees and total rescues from drug-related denials at $1.8 cardinal, the drug test requirement is saving Florida revenue enhancementpayers $30.64 for e real $1 spent. 2.) The U.SSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services appointed a theme survey in 2009, concluding that 8.7 percent of the population over the age of 12 proves to use extracurricular drugs. With such a prominent amount of the population being related to the abuse of various substances, it can be very well concluded that the campaign for such a miniscule amount of recipients weakness the administered tests is due to the fact that many of the users did not in fact, take the test at all.3.) The results of the ACLU study fail to investigate how many of the tested welfare recipients that passed the drug testing would have tested positive on other controlled substances such as prescription p ills that many defend to be a false positive. According to a study conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 48.5% of the Statesns take at to the lowest degree one form of prescription drug, and a similar study, the National Survey on Drug work and Health concluded that at least an estimated 2.4 million Americans abuse prescription pills daily. Also, of public assistance recipients set for substance abuse in 2008, the most common primary substance of abuse was alcohol (37 percent of those treated). (Bragdon) II.) Drug testing welfare recipients is classified as UnconstitutionalA.) The Supreme hooks peculiar(prenominal) Needs Doctrine can be used to classify the act of requiring welfare recipients to pass a scheduled or random drug testing as constitutional (NCSL) 1.) The doctrine of unconstitutional conditions requires a different analysis under which conditioning welfare on consent to testing may very well be a constitutional condition, the eleventh circuit p anel has done much question to prove this theory. (Wurman) 2.) The Germaneness of a bill of legislature is simply the pertinence of the incommode. This can be directly agree to the issue of whether or not a recipient is compliant when asked to be administered a drug test.(NCSL)3.) In 1981, Lyng v. International Union, took place in court due to the Food Stamp Act that stated, No habitation shall become eligible to participate in the food stamp program during the eon that any particle of the household is on strike or shall increase the allotment of food stamps that it was receiving already because the income of the striking subdivision has subsided. Despite the going on strike being a unspoilt in the first amendment, the Courtheld that the law did not have a substantial impact on any fundamental wager and that citizens participating in striking were directly affecting their ability to make an income, much like drug abuse does.Therefore, leaving loop holes in the defense tha t drug testing welfare recipients would be infringing upon their quaternate amendment. 4.) When this issue was appointed to a panel of judges, they summarized a quote from case of Dolan v. City of Tigard, basically stating that when the benefit does have a relationship to the right, the government may, perhaps, withhold the benefit. Meaning that assistance is not a human-centred right, rather a benefit that is offered by the government, allowing them to deny access to the benefit, if need be. If recipients cannot pass the administered drug test, their rights are not being infringed upon, due to the fact that welfare benefits are not a constitutional right themselves. B.) Most positions in the working class require a drug test to be administered.1.) some(prenominal) working class jobs, private sector jobs and welfare recipients are receiving money from the government, the only difference is that ii are working for that money, duration the other is getting assistance provided to t hem from the tax payers. The most recognizable submit against requiring welfare recipients to pass a drug test is discrimination against the poor. However, in many (not all) jobs, in sight to apply for certain positions, a drug test is administered, although that is hardly ever looked at as unconstitutional when corporate leaders are held accountable for their actions when accepting public funds. It is only fair that citizens relying on assistance from the government and society should be held to the same standard of others when receiving help that they couldnt acquire on their own. (Wurman)C.) warfare on Drugs1.) While the war on drugs is to be seen as constitutional by many noncivilized people, despite millions of tax payer dollars going to waste to fund wars, a simple drug test to prevent the never ending circle of taking advantage of tax paying citizens is seen as unconstitutional due to the fact that the profit of the war on drugs is much greater than the monitoring of welfa re expenditure.2.) In 1980 50,000 people were in custody for drug related offences, many of them minor charges. While arresting lot of people, atthe expense of yet again, tax payers, is constitutional, the monitoring of welfare is such a minor issue in comparison, when these citizens are being assisted, with only the request to comply to a simple test to prove that government money isnt funding a drug addiction. (cdc gov)3.) While for obvious reasons, recreational drug use is illegal, and remains to be one of the biggest, money and time consuming issues in our society. It is an extreme contradiction in terms to agree that drugs should be illegal, notwithstanding to think that welfare recipients should not have to be tested to ask over government benefits. This issue directly relates to the issue of Germaneness stated earlier. There is obviously a prominent reason to administer recipients drug tests when they are receiving aid from society, correlating drug users productivity toI II.) Tax payer money salvage due to the abolition of improper use of government fundsA.) Welfare should be seen as a temporary aid used to help users get back on their feet in multiplication of struggle, not a life style filling.1.) It is undoubtedly certain that not only with this issue, but anything, degeneracy and abuse occur. Often times welfare is looked at as more of a tool to leverage unnecessary items such as cigarettes, and recreational drugs. While that is not the case with all recipients, it is often abused. Compared to the benefits welfare provides, a simple drug test seems detrimental to make into a burden, especially when many states fork out reimbursement to recipients who pass the drug test. It is often questioned why someone who is getting assistance would be so touch on with taking a drug test, if they werent in fact doing drugs.2.) In 35 states welfare recipients receive more than minimum wage, in 13 states recipients receive more than $15 an hour. Annually in that location is around 1.3 trillion federal tax dollars invested into welfare. In Mississippi a non-working recipient can receive as much as $16,984 in benefits, even more shockingly, in the District of Columbia one can receive as much as $43,099. One would be nave to say that when faced with the choice of working hard for that kind of money, or receiving a handout, that the average citizen would choose to work. The only way to decrease the level of dependence often found in the welfare system is tomake work requirements stricter and to require random drug screenings to monitor fraudulent activity within the industry.3.) To prevent receiving benefits from becoming not only a mindset, but a lifestyle, welfare recipients should be required to do a number of participation service hours if they are not currently working while being assisted. The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families is a very self-explanatory foundation, they offer grants to families that need temporary help and advocate employment while receiving benefits. The Government must do all that they can to prevent welfare from becoming a mindset, but more of what its intention was to be, a tool used for citizens to get back on their feet when they have failed to cause their potential.B.) Money from denied drug tests will be reimbursed back into the state1.) Around 1.8 million dollars will be saved from unlawful uses of welfare benefits. This not only forces failed recipients to provide and work for themselves, which will eventually lead them to resolution relying on welfare until they truly need it, but it allows truthful recipients to be granted all the benefits that welfare has to offer them, without the criticism from tax payers due to the reputation that welfare has received due to the fraudulent fashion that has been failed to be recognized by necessary drug screenings. (Bragdon)2.) On average, a welfare recipient cost the state $134 in monthly benefits, which the rejected applicants won t get, saving the state around $2,680-$3,350 per month, which will in twisting be put into important factors in the economic cycle. (Bragdon) C.) Drug tests as an incentive to end drug abuse1.) Having to pass a random drug test could prove to be served as an incentive to welfare recipients to terminate masses of drug abuse issues.2.) Government assistance is something that should only be used when needed, if a recipient truly needs the benefits of welfare, they will recognize that a drug test should be administered in order for them to acquire the help that is being offered. Many may look at this prospect as being a guideline to keep them away from drugs, and use the money they are being inclined for necessities until they no longer need it, and become successful members of the working class, which will give new applicants the retrieve to receive benefits that they truly be.3.) Recipients who fail drug tests and have their benefits suspended for a certain amount of time will be more than in all likelihood to endure and learn from their struggle, making them much more likely to stay away from drug abuse.4.) With the saved money from denied welfare benefits, tax payers mesh can be used to uphold much better state run rehabilitation facilities, which in binge can aid the relation between drug abuse and welfare benefits.IV.) The war on poverty and its effect on AmericaA.) The war on poverty was a legislature enacted by chairman Lyndon B. Johnson, in response to the poverty rate being around 19 percent. Johnson voiced the war on poverty in his first State of the Union Address. 1.) The goal of the war on poverty was to totally abolish poverty by funding programs that aided the poor during the 60s. This eventually created Medicaid and Medicare. What this program did was create the root of todays welfare system, and realistically stagger the work ethic of America.The reason that the War on Poverty faces such criticisms is because it was enacted during a time p eriod when the poverty line had just risen, rather than fallen, prima(p) critics to believe that it was only delivered to pass welfare programs. The start of these programs triggered the growth of our government and the peoples settlement on it, allowing the government to be even more controlling. B.) What the war on poverty ultimately did1.) due(p) to the surplus of attention paid to black Americans during this time, it is said to have been the cause of the popular idea of the livid Americans footing the bill for African Americans. Whites during this time thought of the Great society programs as handouts for minorities that didnt deserve their hard earned money. This attitude is reflected into todays society as well.2.) Since the war on poverty, welfare has grown a whopping 19% in the past decade which is more than it has in history. Since the start of the War on Poverty, the government has spent around $19.8 trillion dollars in welfare programs, which is more than all three wa rs combined. Since 1969 around 2 million people collected food stamps, whereas around 47 million people do today. Since the start of welfare programs, fraudulent activity has played a large utilization in the system.There always has been welfare recipients that take advantage of the benefits given to them, however, ifthey were drug tested and what they were spending tax payers money on was monitored, the effects of the War on Poverty could eventually be reversed and the center and worth ethic that was established in America will be in place again one day. A simple drug test is a small request in turn for the generous benefits that are received by millions of recipients daily. In order for our economy to thrive like it once did, there needs to be a strict monitoring on welfare program spending to not only better our economy, but the citizens in it. With less people taking advantage of the welfare system due to positive drug tests, the only people that would be benefiting from the s ystem are the ones that truly need it.V.) The Entitlement culture in America A.) Entitlement vs. Entrepreneurship1.) The most notable quality in the character of America is the Countries ability to breed innovative minds that benefit the economy. For as long as America has been around, the core of society has been centered around entrepreneurship. With all of the advancements do from entrepreneurs, the misspending of government funds is only taking back a step in society that entrepreneurship took. There are many factors that could effect this, but the main helping that strips America of its sense of work ethic is the welfare system. By saying this, it does not mean that there arent thousands of families truly in need of government assistance, it is stating that the society of many welfare recipients have made themselves comfortable with not trying to better their economic well being.